690 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF NEW JERSEY. 



length, 12 inches. (European smelt has larger scales.) Atlantic 

 coast from Virginia northward, entering rivers ; sometimes land- 

 locked. Sometimes sold as "frost-fish." 



" The Raritan River produces the greater quantity of smelt 

 taken in the State, although they are found in autumn in the 

 Hackensack, Passaic, Hudson and the Delaware. Those found 

 in the Delaware are generally larger, are fewer in number, and 

 are not as highly prized by epicures." 



ONCORHYNOHUS, Suckl. 



(Salmo.) 



O. tchawytcha, or chouicha, Walb. (quinnat, orientalis.) Columbia 

 River Salmon. Sacramento Salmon, &c. 



Dusky above, silvery below ; head darker than body ; back, 

 dorsal fin and tail with many black dots ; male in October 

 blackish, blotched with reddish ; head conic and pointed ; vomer- 

 ine teeth weak ; males in fall have jaws elongated and hooked, 

 with large anterior teeth ; color darker and body deeper at 

 shoulders ; flesh red, paler in fall at breeding season. Dorsal 

 rays, 11; anal rays, 16; length, 36 inches. Introduced into 

 eastern rivers, attain a weight of 16 to 18 pounds, in California 

 much more ; move up river in summer, often a great distance. 

 30,000,000 pounds are taken yearly in the Columbia River. 

 The Raritan and Delaware Rivers (and tributaries) were stocked 

 with 235,000 of the fry of this species by Dr. J. H. Slack, in 

 1874, but have not flourished, though specimens have been 

 seen occasionally (?). 



SALMO, L. 

 S. salar, L. (sebago, gloveri.) Common Atlantic Salmon. 



Body symmetrical ; head low ; scales comparatively large, 

 silvery and well imbricated in young, becoming imbedded in 

 adult males ; back brownish ; many black spots on sides of head, 

 body and fins ; red patches in males ; the young (" parrs ") with 

 eleven dusky cross-bands besides red patches and black spots. 

 Bands, 11; dorsal rays, 11; anal rays, 9. Anadromous, with 

 vomerine teeth little developed ; breeding males with lower jaw 

 hooked upwards; upper jaw emarginate. . Var. sebago applied to 

 land-locked forms. 



