TIPULIDAE BIBIONIDAE 



475 



submerged mosses in the South of England, and bears long forked 

 filaments, reminding one of those of caterpillars. This species 

 has been simultaneously discussed by Bengtsson, who apparently 

 regards these Tipulids with caterpillar-like larvae he calls them 

 Erucaeformia 1 as the most primitive form of existing Diptera. 



The Tipulinae Tipulidae Longipalpi, Osten Sacken 2 have 

 the terminal joint of the palpi remarkably long, longer than the 

 three preceding joints together. The group includes the largest 

 forms, and the true daddy-long-legs, a Chinese species of which, 

 Tipula brobdignagia, measures four inches across the expanded 

 wings. The group contains some of the finest Diptera. Some 

 of the exotic forms allied to Ctenophora have the wings coloured 

 in the same manner as they are in certain Hymenoptera, and 

 bear a considerable resemblance to members of that Order. 



Fam. 10. Bibionidae. Flies of moderate or small size, some- 

 times of different colours in the two sexes, with short, thick, straight, 

 antennae; front tibiae usually with a long pointed process; 

 coxae not elongate. Eyes of male large, united, or contiguous in 



FIG. 224. Head of Bibio. x 10. A, Of male, seen from the front ; C, from the side ; 

 a, upper, 6, lower eye ; B, head of female. 



front. The flies of the genvis Bibio usually appear in England 

 in the spring, and are frequently very abundant ; they are of 

 sluggish habits and poor performers on the wing. The differ- 

 ence in colour of the sexes is very remarkable, red or yellow 

 predominating in the female, intense black in the male; and 



1 Acta Univ. Lund, xxxiii. (2) No. 7, 1897. 

 2 "Studies," etc., Berlin, ent. Zeitschr. xxx. 1886, p. 153. 



