4 CHARLES MIDLO AND HAROLD CUMMINS 



are confined to the palm and sole, digits being excluded on 

 account of difficulties ordinarily attending examination in the 

 preserved specimens. 



As an expedient of brevity, the terms hand and foot, palm 

 and sole, palmar and plantar, are used without regard to 

 the objections which might be raised by terminological purists. 

 The meaning as applied to primates will not be misunder- 

 stood, and under the circumstances there should be no un- 

 certainty if on occasion the anterior paw of a strictly walking 

 mammal be termed hand or palm ! ' ' Volar ' ' is applied in its 

 less restricted sense, embracing palmar and plantar surfaces. 

 The expression "non-human" has been adopted, at the sug- 

 gestion of Dr. A. H. Schultz, as a means of avoiding the 

 implications of the commonly used terms "subhuman" and 

 "infrahuman" and in preference to more lengthy substitutes 

 such as "primates other than man" (see Fulton, in the Intro- 

 duction to Ruch's Bibliographia primatologica, '41). The 

 technical equivalents of all common names of groups and 

 genera appearing in the text are indicated in the pages which 

 divide certain descriptive sections (pp. 27, 40, 46, 62, 78, 83, 90). 



Exclusive of the much more extensive human series, the 

 original material numbers 470 hands and 432 feet (as included 

 in final tabulations ; 7 hands and 7 feet of Pongo and 1 hand 

 and 1 foot of Daubentonia also are included in supplementary 

 descriptions, having become available too late for incorpora- 

 tion in all the analyses). In addition, 75 hands and 109 feet 

 are analyzed from illustrations in the literature (Alix, 1867- 

 1868 ; Hepburn, 1895 ; Whipple ; Schlaginhauf en ; Kidd ; Keith, 

 '24 ; Bychowska ; Mutrux-Bornoz ; Schultz, '37 b ; Cummins 

 and Spragg). The distribution among genera is listed in 

 table 1. A detailed table, which identifies the source of each 

 hand and foot included in the study, whether original or from 

 the literature, is deposited in The Wistar Institute of Anatomy 

 and Biology. This table lists the species name where known 



