120 CHARLES MIDLO AND HAROLD CUMMINS 



under the heading of I ; future references to Th in the sole thus 

 apply to Th p alone. (3) Instances of a single pattern so ex- 

 panded as to encroach into interdigital areas II and III are 

 assigned to interdigital III. 



TOTAL INTENSITY 



The expression "total intensity" applies to the sum of the 

 intensity values of seven configurational areas: H d , H p , Th 

 (representing Th p alone in the sole), I (including Th d in the 

 sole), II, III and IV. Inasmuch as the maximum value for 

 any single area is 1.00, the highest possible total intensity 

 in a palm or sole is 7.00. This value has not been observed; 

 its realization depends upon the appearance of a whorl or 

 S-pattern in each of the seven configurational areas. For each 

 genus total intensity is derived by averaging the total in- 

 tensities of all the available individuals of that genus, palms 

 and soles being treated separately. These values are listed in 

 tables 4 and 5, and are recorded graphically in figure 597. To 

 gain a concrete visualization of the descriptive import of the 

 total intensity values, the illustrations of Hylobates (figs. 

 459^98) and of Papio (figs. 237-248) might be compared in 

 the light of their contrasting total intensities, respectively 

 1.40 and 5.57. 



Reference will be made repeatedly below to average pattern 

 intensity values in non-human primates, abbreviated hereafter 

 to "average". Averages are calculated, as in the consideration 

 of total intensity, for twenty-three non-human genera, all 

 being counted as of equal weight, notwithstanding that varia- 

 ble numbers of hands or feet are represented. The genera 

 considered in the average are listed in tables 4 and 5. It should 

 be noted here that Colobus and Symphalangus, which are 

 respectively included in the averages of palm and sole, do 

 not appear in all the following analyses for the reason that 

 in neither case are hand and foot both represented adequately 

 in our material. 



