124 CHARLES MIDLO AND HAROLD CUMMINS 



In prosimians, as was noted also in the palm, there is a 

 wide range of variation: Tarsius, 0.22; Nycticebus, 2.96; 

 Galago, 5.25; Lemur, 2.43. In Callithrichidae the values 

 (Oedipomidas, 2.70 and Callithrix, 2.80) lie below the non- 

 human average, while in other New World monkeys there 

 are values both above and below the average, the least being 

 that of Ateles (1.83) and the maximum that of Alouatta (4.35). 

 All Old World monkeys have values above the average. In 

 Hylobates the value is exceptionally low (0.98), though in the 

 closely related Symphalangus the intensity rises to 1.79. Great 

 apes show relatively low pattern intensity (Pongo, 1.77; 

 Gorilla, 2.57; Pan, 2.01). The human sole has an intensity 

 value of 2.52. 



Comparison of palm and sole. Comparison of the total 

 intensities of palm and sole in the same genus reveals, as just 

 mentioned, an almost invariably higher value in the palm. 

 Only Homo and Cercocebus are exceptions. Since in Cerco- 

 cebus but four hands and five feet are available, observations 

 in that genus are of slight weight. In man the reversal is 

 significant in view of the large number of individuals repre- 

 sented. The exceptional status of man, total intensity of the 

 sole (2.52) being greater than that of the palm (1.14), stands 

 in suggestive relation to the sequence of intermembral dif- 

 ferences in the great apes. The excess of hand over foot 

 is progressively reduced in the order: Pongo, Gorilla, Pan. 

 Palm and sole in Pan may be regarded as having equal 

 intensities, since the difference is negligible. The great apes 

 thus form a series indicating, in the order named, an approach 

 to the human condition. 



It was thought possible that the distinction between palm 

 and sole with respect to total intensity might be associated 

 in some way with other anatomical distinctions of the upper 

 and lower extremities. Schultz supplies data on dimensional 

 differences of the extremities in primates ( '26, '27, '30, '37 a, 

 '37 b, '40 a). Among his various dimensional records there 

 is one determination presenting a suggestive relationship with 

 pattern intensity. Data relating to nine genera meet the needs 



