418 ARACHN1DA ARANEAE CHAP. 



somely marked. One of the prettiest is Lycosa picta, common 

 on the sandhills in some localities. 



Some exotic species are very large, Lycosa ingens, from Madeira, 

 measuring sometimes more than an inch and a half in length. 



Pardosa (Fig. 188, p. 341) is not so rich in species, but the 

 individuals of some species are wonderfully numerous. Hundreds 

 of P. lugubris, for example, may be seen scampering over the 

 dead leaves of a wood in the autumn. These spiders are generally 

 sombrely coloured and well covered with hair. Perhaps the com- 

 monest and most widely -spread species in this country is P. 

 amentata. 



Fam. 33. Ctenidae. The Ctenidae are Zycosa-like spiders, 

 having in certain points of structure close affinities with the 

 Pisauridae and the Sparassinae of the Thomisidae. The limits of 

 the family are not well defined, and many aracjinologists place 

 in it some of the genera allotted above to the Pisauridae, while 

 others do not consider the group sufficiently marked off to con- 

 stitute a separate family at all. As here understood they are 

 equivalent to the Cteninae of the Clubionidae in Simon's Histoire 

 naturelle. The eyes are arranged in the Lyeosa, fashion, but the 

 tarsi have only two terminal claws and well-developed " claw- 

 tufts," frequently accompanied by a scopula. There are strong, 

 regularly-arranged spines under the tibiae and tarsi. 



There are about fifteen genera. Uliodon numbers six species 

 of large hairy spiders in Australia. Ctenus is rich in species, 

 having about sixty, found in all hot countries, but especially in 

 America and Africa. They are also of large size and usually of 

 yellowish coloration, often diversified by a pattern on the abdomen. 

 The fifteen species of Leptoctemis are proper to tropical Asia. 

 Acantheis from South Asia and Enoplectenus from Brazil are 

 more slender, elongate forms, recalling Tetragnatha. Caloctenus 

 includes a number of Pardosa -like spiders found at a high 

 elevation in South America. 



The Ctenidae have the habits of the Lycosidae, and are 

 wandering spiders, some forming a burrow in the ground. 



Fam. 34. Senoculidae. The South American genus Sen- 

 oculus (Labdacus) alone constitutes this family. The species are 

 probably numerous, but ten only have been described. They are 

 moderate -sized spiders, spinning no web, but running with 

 astonishing speed over the leaves and stems of plants. The 



