HORSE-SHOE BATS 527 



none ; occasionally there are two. It has no claw. The ear has 

 its two sides separate from their point of origin upon the head. 

 The group is of Old- World distribution. 



Fam. 1. Rhinolophidae. The Bats of this family possess the 

 leafy outgrowths around the nostrils. The ears are large, but 

 have no tragus. The index finger has no phalanx at all. The 

 premaxillary bones are quite rudimentary, and are suspended from 

 the nasal cartilages. In addition to the pectoral mammae they 

 have two teat-like processes situated abdominally. The tail is 

 long, and extends to the end of the interfemoral membrane. 



The genus Rhinolophus has a large nose leaf, and an anti- 

 tragus to the ear. The first toe has two joints, the remaining toes 

 have three joints each. The dentition is I ^ C ^ Pm ^ M -|. There 

 are nearly thirty species of the genus, which are restricted to the 

 Old World. Two species occur in this country, viz. It. ferruin 

 equinum, the Great Horse-shoe Bat, and the Lesser Horse-shoe Bat, 

 JR. hipposiderus. The name is of course derived from the shape 

 of the nose leaf. 



The genus Hipposiderus and some allied forms are placed 

 away from Rhinolophus and its immediate allies in a sub-family 

 Hipposiderinae. The type genus Hipposiderus, or, as it ought 

 apparently to be called, Phyllorhina, is Old World in range, like 

 all the other members of the family. 



The nose leaf is complicated, and there are only two phalanges 

 in all the toes ; there is no antitragus to the ear. A curious 

 feature in the osteology of the genus, and indeed of the sub-family, 

 is the fact that the ileo-pectineal process is connected with the 

 ilium by a bony bridge ; this arrangement is unique among 

 mammals. 



The genus Anthops, only known from the Solomon Islands, 

 and represented there by but a single species (A. ornatus}, has 

 an extraordinarily complicated nose leaf. The tail, like that of 

 the Oriental Goelops, likewise represented by a single species 

 (C. frithii}, is rudimentary. 



Triaenops, Ethiopian and Malagasy, has, like the Australian 

 Rhinonycteris, a well-developed tail. Triaenops has also a highly- 

 complicated nose leaf. 



Fam. 2. Nycteridae. This family is to be distinguished from 

 the Rhinolophidae by the fact that the ear has a small tragus, 

 and by the small and cartilaginous premaxillae. In addition to 



