xii BEAKED WHALES 367 



fourteen ; the scapula has not the concave face that it has in 

 Physeter. The functional teeth of the lower jaw seem to be 

 reinforced by two on each side of the upper jaw. Moreover, the 

 articulation of the ribs with the vertebrae does not show the 

 very anomalous state of affairs that characterises Physeter, where 

 the two heads of a rib may be upon one vertebra. 



While there is no doubt as to the generic distinctness of 

 Kogia, there is again the same difficulty that is met with 

 throughout the whole of the order in settling into how many 

 species the genus requires dividing. 



We can dismiss, as unnecessary, additional generic names 

 (Euphysetes, Callignathus), but there do appear to be reasons fdr 

 allowing two species, if the accounts of their osteology are to be 

 depended upon. One of these is K. breviceps, with thirteen pairs 

 of ribs, no teeth in the upper jaw, fourteen or fifteen on each side 

 of the lower jaw, vertebral formula C 7, D 13, L 9, Ca 25, and 

 phalangeal formula I 2, II 8, III 8, IV 8, V 7. 



The other will then be K. simus, with fourteen pairs of ribs, 

 two teeth in the upper jaw, nine in each ramus of the lower jaw, 

 vertebral formula C 7, D 14, L 5, Ca 24, and phalangeal formula 

 I 2, II 5, III 4, IV 4, V 2. 



A Californian species has been called K. floweri, whose teeth 

 seem to be particularly long and recurved. And the New Zealand 

 K. pottsi has been held to be also a distinct form. There seems 

 to be nothing of special interest to record about the way of life 

 of these Cetaceans, which are but imperfectly known. 



Sub-Fam. 2. Ziphiinae. Teeth in the lower jaw not more 

 than two on each side. A distinct lachrymal bone. Stomach 

 with very numerous compartments. 



These Whales are all of moderate size, not exceeding 30 feet 

 or so in length. They have a falcate dorsal fin rather near the 

 end of the body ; the muzzle is prolonged, hence the name often 

 given to them of " Beaked Whales." The throat is grooved ; the 

 blow -hole is single and median, crescentic in form, with the 

 concavity pointing forwards. A character possibly differentiat- 

 ing the Ziphioids from other Whales is the fact that the body 

 ends in a rounded projection between the flukes of the tail. 

 This has at any rate been noted in Mesoplodon, Ziphius, and 

 Hyperoodon. The Ziphioid Whales are by no means common ; 

 indeed of Berardius but four or five specimens have ever been 



