I 3 8 



MUSCINE& 



not strongly defined, partaking of an epidermal character ; the bright red 

 or yellow cell-walls are considerably thicker than those of the central thin- 

 walled large-celled fundamental tissue. In some genera a further differen- 

 tiation takes place of the axial portion of the central cylinder into a 

 rudimentary ' vascular ' bundle with thicker cell-walls ; similar rudimen- 

 tary bundles being also formed in the pedicel of the sporogone. Both 

 the partially lignified and the thin-walled cells have simple pits in their 

 cell-walls ; these are found in all families of mosses, and are especially 

 abundant in the midrib of the leaves. Some species of Sphagnum (L.) 

 have rudimentary sieve-plates. The central bundle in the stem of Mnium, 

 Polytrichum (L.), and other genera, has been shown by Haberlandt not 

 to possess any of the strengthening functions of a true vascular bundle, but 



FIG. 103. A, germinating spore of Fnnaria. hygrometrica. L. (x 550) ; s, exospore ; iu, rhizoid ; r, 

 vacuole. B, portion of protoneme ( x 90) ; K, rudiment oi leafy axis ; w, rhizoid. (After Goebel.) 



to be constructed for the purpose of the conduction of water. Its cells con- 

 tain nothing but a watery fluid, without starch-grains, oil, or protoplasm. 

 In genera which have no such central bundle, like Dicranum (Hedw.) 

 and Leucobryum (Hpe.), the epidermal tissue of the stem and branches, 

 with its perforated cells, forms a similar capillary apparatus. In the 

 more highly developed mosses, Haberlandt notes the following dis- 

 tinct tissues : (i) an epidermal tissue, sometimes developing trichomic 

 structures ; (2) a mechanical system, consisting of elongated cells with 

 thickened walls ; (3) an absorbing system, most strongly displayed in 

 the rhizoids also at the base of the sporange ; (4) an assimilating system, 

 often composed of palisade-cells, in the leaves or in the sporange; (5) 

 a conducting system, consisting of the rudimentary ' vascular ' bundles; 



