ZYGOMYCETES 353 



LITERATURE. 



De Bary Untersuch. liber die Brandpilze (Berlin, 1853). 



De Bary -Protomyces microsporus und seine Verwandten (Bot. Zeit., 1874) (Enty- 



loma). 



Brefeld Botanische Untersuchungen, v. (Leipzig, 1883). 



Cornu Sur quelques Ustilaginees nouvelles (Ann. Sc. Nat., 6 ser., Tom. xv.). 

 Fischer von Waldheim Beitr. zur Biologic und Entwickelungsgesch. der Ustilagi- 



neen (Pringsh. Jahrb. , Bd. vii.). 

 Fischer von Waldheim Les Ustilaginees et leurs plantes nourricieres (Ann. Sc. Nat., 



6 ser., Tom. iv. ) t 



Ed. Fischer Beitr. zur Kenntniss der Gattung Graphiola (Bot. Zeit., 1883). 

 Kuhn - Die Krankheiten der Culturgewachse (Berlin, 1858). 

 Prillieux Quelques observ. sur la formation et la germination des spores des Uro- 



cystis (Ann. Sc. Nat., 6 ser., Tom. x.). 

 Schroeter Bemerk. u. Beobacht. iiber einige Ustilagineen (Cohn's Beitrage zur 



Biologic der Pflanzen, Bd. ii.). 

 Tulasne Mem. sur les Ustilaginees comparees aux Uredinees (Ann. Sc. Nat., 3 



ser., Tom. vii.). 



Tulasne Second Mem. sur les Uredinees et les Ustilaginees (ibid., 4 ser., Tom. ii.). 

 Ward Entyloma Ranunculi, Proc. Roy. Soc., xli. (1886). 

 Winter Einige Notizen iiber d. Fam. d. Ustilagineen (Flora, 1876). 

 Wolff Beitr. zur Kenntniss der Ustilagineen (Bot. Zeit., 1873). 

 Wolff- Der Brand des Getreides (Halle, 1874). 

 Woronin Beitr. zur Kenntniss der Ustilagineen (Tuburcinia). (De Bary und 



Woronin's Beitr. zur Morph. u. Phys. d. Pilze, v.). 



The older literatttre will be found quoted in Tulasne, Fischer von Waldheim, and in 

 de Barfs ' Brandpilze. ' 



GROUP II. SPOROCARPE^E. 



Class XX Ascomycetes. 



THE SPOROCARP. 



This large class is distinguished by the universal formation of spores 

 in asci, for the most part tubular in shape, but sometimes broadly ovate 

 or roundish, and borne terminally on special hyphae termed ascogenous 

 hyphce. When an ascus has reached its full size, and only then, the 

 formation takes place within it of ascospores by free -cell formation. The 

 young ascus is at first filled with finely granular protoplasm, which con- 

 tains a nucleus, and within it a smaller body, probably a nucleole. The 

 protoplasm next gathers itself together at the upper part of the ascus, 

 while a watery fluid occupies the remainder of the cavity except a thin 



A A 



