ASCOMYCETES 381 



place by the sprouting process described, though they may retain the 

 power of germinating for a longer period. 



This cell-increase by sprouting is, as has been seen, by no means 

 confined to Saccharomyces, but occurs in other groups of fungi (e.g. 

 Mucor), and the special character which entitles them to this place in 

 the classification of fungi is the production of asci, which they share 

 only with the Ascomycetes. They may therefore be regarded as much 

 degraded Ascomycetous forms the other alternative, that they are early 

 forms from which typical Ascomycetes have developed, being disposed 

 of by the establishment of the connection of this great group with the 

 Phycomycetes as already described. 



LITERATURE. 



Barenetski Entwickel. d. Gymnoascus Reessii (Bot. Zeit., 1872). , 



De Bary Ueber d. Fruchtentwickel. d. Ascomyceten (Leipzig, 1863). 



De Bary Beitr. zur Morph. u. Physiol. d. Pilze, iii., 1870. 



De Bary Exoascus Pruni (Beitr., i.). 



De Bary Ueber einige Sclerotinien, &c. (Bot. Zeit., 1886). 



Bauke Zur Entwickelungsgesch. d. Ascomyceten (Bot. Zeit., 1877). 



Bauke Beitr. zur Kenntniss d. Pycniden (Nova Acta Leop., xxxviii., 1876). 



Borzl Studii sulla sessualita degli Ascomicete (N. Giorn. Bot. Ital., x., 1878). 



Brefeld Botan. Untersuch., ii. and iv. ; compare also v. 



Brefeld Mucor racemosus und Hefe (Flora, 1873). 



Brefeld Ueber Gahrung (Thiel's Landwirthsch. Jahrb., 1875, 1876). 



Cienkowski Die Pilze der Kahmhaut (Melanges Biol. Acad. St. Petersb., viii.). 



Cornu Reproduction des Ascomycetes (Ann. Sc. Nat., 6 ser., Tom. u). 



Currey On the Fructification of certain Sphoeriaceous Fungi (Phil. Trans. Roy. 



Soc., 1858). 



Eidam Beitr. zur Kenntniss d. Gymnoasceen (Cohn's Beitr., iii.). 

 Eidam Zur Kenntniss d. Entwickel. d. Ascomyceten (ibid.). 

 Eidam Ueber Pycniden (Bot. Zeit., 1877). 

 Engel Les ferments alcooliques, 1872. 



Fisch Zur Entwickelungsgesch. einiger Ascomyceten (Bot. Zeit., 1872). 

 Fiiisting De nonnullis Apothecii Lichenum evolvendi rationibus (Diss. inaug. 



Berol., 1865). 



Fiiisting Zur Entwickelungsgesch. d. Pyrenomyceten (Bot. Zeit., 1867, 1868). 

 Fiiisting Zur Entwickelungsgesch. Lichenen (ibid., 1868). 



Gibelli Sugli org. reprod. del gen. Verrucaria (Mem. Soc. Ital. di Scienc. Nat., i.). 

 Gibelli e Griffini Sul polimorfismo della Pleospora herbarum (Arch. d. Laborat. di 



Bot. Crittog. Pavia, i., 1875). 



Gilkinet Recherches sur les Pyrenomycetes (Bull. Acad. Belg., 1874). 

 Hansen Oidium lactis, &c. (Medd. fra Carlsberg Laborat., Bd. i.). 

 Hansen Untersuch. iiber d. Physiol. u. Morph. d. Alkoholfermente (ibid.). 

 Hansen Untersuch. iiber d. Organismen welche sich zu verschiedenen Jahreszeiten 



in d. Luft finden, &c. (ibid.). 

 Hansen Untersuch. iiber d. Physiol. u. Morph. d. Alkoholgahrungspilze (ibid., 



Bd. ii.). 





