258 ORDER FLA GELLA TA-PANTOSTOMA TA. 



filament equal to or double the length of the body ; usually enclosing a 

 conspicuous central vacuole. Length 1-600" to 1-420". 

 HAB. Fresh water : Alexandria, Schmarda. 



Excepting for its large size, the characters of this species, as described and 

 figured by Schmarda,* closely correspond with those of Bodo intestinalis. No 

 indication of an anterior flagellum is given by that authority, though such doubtless 

 exists. In several instances two or three individuals are represented in Schmarda's 

 drawings, as reproduced at PL XIV. Fig. 5, grouped upon a single stem-like 

 caudal filament; this circumstance, taken with its non-parasitic habit, makes it 

 rather doubtful whether this type is a true representative of the genus Bodo. 



Bodo urinarius, Hassall. PL. XIV. FIGS. 7 AND 8. 



Body plastic and variable in shape, subglobose, ovate, or clavate, in the 

 latter instance widest and rounded anteriorly ; a flagellum equal in length 

 to the extended body projecting from each extremity. Length of body 

 i-iooo". HAB. Urine of the human subject. 



An abstract of the description of this species, as communicated by Dr. Hassall 

 to the 'Lancet' for November 1859, is herewith appended. The animalcules in 

 question (B. urinarius) are about i-iooo" in length and 1-3000" in breadth, 

 presenting when living and active a rounded or oval form and granular aspect, not 

 unlike that of a delicate mucous corpuscle; sometimes they are broader at one end, 

 and are furnished with one, but usually two, long lashes or cilia produced from 

 opposite extremities, and with which they move themselves with great rapidity. 

 The rounded or oval forms most constant when the animalcules are first placed in a 

 drop of urine beneath the microscope, gradually, as the fluid evaporates, assume a 

 flattened and somewhat twisted outline, their motions becoming more sluggish, and 

 death soon following. It is when they are thus dying or just dead that the 

 flagella become most conspicuous, these organs during their active state being 

 indistinguishable. Not unfrequently the animalcules attach themselves posteriorly 

 to the glass object-carrier, and thus remain for a considerable time swaying to and 

 fro like an inflated balloon held down by cords. Multiplication by longitudinal 

 fission was frequently observed, the animalcules undergoing this process presenting 

 as they swam about the appearance of two conjugated individuals. The species 

 was observed to become developed in alkaline urine containing much animal 

 matter, and which had been freely exposed to the air. On their first appearance 

 they are equally diffused throughout the bulk of liquid, but after multiplying to a 

 considerable extent collect upon the surface, and form there a greasy-looking scum. 

 Indigo mixed with the urine apparently expedited their further development in 

 great multitudes. In all cases about fifty in which the presence of this animalcule 

 was detected the urine was either feebly acid or alkaline, and the subject exhibited 

 symptoms of weakness and debility. 



GENUS III. CERCOMONAS, Dujardin. 



Animalcules entirely free-swimming, ovate, globular, or elongate, more or 

 less plastic, developing a single long flagellum at the anterior extremity of 

 the body, and a similar or dissimilar caudal filament at the opposite or 

 posterior extremity ; no distinct oral aperture. 



HAB. Fresh water and infusions. 



* 'Denkschrift d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Wien,' 1850. 



