The Moths and Butterflies 449 



Iphidides ajax (PL V, Fig. 2), which is distinguished from all other 

 swallowtails by its black and greenish-white wings and its long tails; it 

 appears in three forms, one, marcellus, emerging in early spring with tails 

 f inch long and tipped with white; another, telamonides, appearing in 

 late spring, a little larger, with tails |- inch long and bordered with white 

 on each side for half the length or more, and the third the typical ajax, still 

 larger, appearing in late summer and autumn. Both of the first two forms 

 may come from a single brood, some of the hibernating chrysalids producing 

 butterflies earlier than others. It seems to depend wholly on the time of 

 issuance and not at all on the character of the parent whether an individual 

 shall be of the marcellus or of the telamonides form. The ajax individuals 

 are those that are produced from eggs laid in the spring by either marcellus 

 or telamonides individuals. Also some few chrysalids in every brood delay 

 disclosing butterflies until the next spring. " Marcellus and telamonides thus 

 produce ajax the same season, or either marcellus or telamonides in the follow- 

 ing spring; ajax produces itself the same season or one of the others in the 

 spring; but neither marcellus nor telamonides is produced the same season 

 by any of the forms" (Scudder). The larvae of this species are pea-green, 

 naked, thickest in the thorax, with transverse markings consisting of black 

 dots and lines and slender yellow stripes besides a yellow-edged, broad, vel- 

 vety b'ack stripe on the thorax. They feed on papaw. 



Papilio turnus, the tiger swallowtail, or Turnus butterfly (PI. V, Fig. 6), 

 is another common species, with a striking "negro" form called glaucus. 

 In glaucus the disk of the wing is wholly dusted over with black scales so 

 that the bands can be hardly seen. It is found only in regions where there 

 are two or more broods a year, and is represented by females alone. The 

 tiger swallowtail ranges clear across the continent, and sometimes occurs 

 in great numbers; Scudder says that on a cluster of lilacs 69 specimens were 

 captured at one time by closing the two hands over them. The larvae, which 

 feed on many plants but particularly like wild-cherry, are naked and leaf- 

 green, with the front part of the body much enlarged and bearing a double 

 stripe of yellow and black across the back, as well as a pair of yellow-black 

 and turquoise eye- spots in front of this band and several rows of turquoise 

 dots behind it. On the Pacific coast occur P. rutulus (Fig. 639) and P. 

 eurymedon of the same general pattern of turnus, the first being black 

 and yellow as turnus is, but the second being black and pale greenish or 

 yellowish white. In the Rocky Mountains is found the splendid Daunus 

 swallowtail, P. daunus, larger than Turnus and with two tails on the hind 

 wings and a third tail-like lobe at the inner angle. The larva of rutulus 

 feeds on alder and willow, of eurymedon on Rhamnus and other plants, 

 and of daunus mostly on rosaceous plants. 



Of different pattern is the fine giant swallowtail, P. cresphontes (PI. X, 



