588 



Color and Pattern and their Uses 



TABLE OF INSECT COLORS. 

 BY W. L. TOWER. 



Physical 

 colors 



Reflection 

 colors 



Caused by air included within scales, etc. The most 

 common, and perhaps the only true physical, color 



Refraction I Metallic I Opalescent 

 colors colors colors 



Caused by combining white and 

 some metallic refraction color, 

 usually with pigment present. 

 Frequently caused by thin irregu- 

 lar lamellae over pigment, giving 

 effect of Newton's rings 



Diffraction 

 colors 



next class 



Chemico- 

 physical 

 colors 



Reflection 

 pigmental 

 colors (a) 



Diffraction 

 pigmental 

 colors (c) 



colors (4) colors 



Colored surfaces 

 with polished ap- 

 pearance 



Yellows 

 Reds 



Caused by a polished lamellar 

 surface over layer of pig- 

 ment. 



refractive ,a m e,,a overlying a 



' 'vi S a t t Cause surface structures, pits, ridges on refrac- 

 l live lamella overlying a layer of pigment 



Combination 

 colors 



colors 



Various iridescent metallic and 

 opalescent metallic colors, etc., 

 in which colors of groups a, b, 

 and c combine to produce color 

 effects 



This class of color is con- 

 fined largely to Lepi- 

 doptera and almost ex- 

 clusively to scaled in- 

 sects or areas bearing 

 scales 



