602 



Color and Pattern and their Uses 



with faint rosy tinge, especially along the dorsi-meson, or are distinctly 

 rosy all over, depending strictly upon the color-tone of the particular inflo- 

 rescence serving as habitat for the larva (PL XIII, Figs. 3, 4, and 5). The 

 correspondence in shade of color is strikingly exact: the utter invisibility, 

 or rather indistinguishability, of the larvae is something that needs to be 

 experienced as my artist, my students, and I have experienced it in the last 

 few weeks, to be fairly realized. We have watched the larvae through their 

 whole life, and all the time the safe position along the bud and the immobility 

 are maintained. 



Special protective resemblance. The figures of Kallima (PI. XIII, Fig. i, 

 also text Fig. 787) and of Phyllium (PL XIII, Fig. 2, also text Fig. -788), 

 referred to in an early paragraph in this chapter, illustrate extreme and 



often-referred-to examples of a protective 

 resemblance which may be called "special" 

 in that the insect's appearance simulates in 

 more or less nearly exact way some par- 

 ticular part of the habitual environment, this 

 being, in the case of Kallima, a dead leaf, 

 in the case of Phyllium a green leaf. The 

 details of this simulation are extreme: in 

 Kallima the projections or tails of the hind 

 wings represent the leaf-stem, the long cen- 

 tral midrib of the leaf is represented by a 

 brown line continuously across both wings, 

 the lateral leaf-veins corresponding on one 

 side to the actual course of the wing-veins, 

 but on the other being represented by brown 

 lines running at right angles, nearly, to the 

 wing-veins; in Phyllium the flattened and 

 expanded head, thorax, legs, and abdomen 

 with the broad green wing-covers, leaf-veined 

 green with scattered yellowish and spotted with yellow like a fungus- 

 marks, the color and pattern ttacked or in sect-punctured leaf compose a 

 combining with the shape to 



make the insect almost indistin- false picture of great effectiveness. Are 

 guishable when at rest among not these details of deceit almost past 

 green leaves. 



belief ? 



The slender grass-green larvae of many moths and butterflies are much 

 like green grass-leaves; their slimness and, if Weismann's interpretation 

 be accepted, the few longitudinal whitish lines which serve as air-lines 

 to divide the body into two or three (apparent) grass-blades, are special 

 characters of importance. The inch-worms or larvae of Geometrid moths 

 are familiar examples of special protective resemblance. Abundant as 



