ANTHOZOA 



141 



C. borealis* Ver. (Fig. 226). Tentacles very numerous; length of 

 body up to 45 cm. extended ; diameter 4 cm. : Long Island Sound to Bay 

 of Fundy, in 7 to 150 fathoms; very rare 

 south of Cape Cod. 



DIVISION 3. ZOANTHEAE. 



Usually colonial sea anemones springing 

 from an incrusting or stolon-like base; ten- 

 tacles numerous, in 1 or 2 rows; mesenteries 

 with a characteristic arrangement ; 1 siphono- 

 glyph present: about 8 genera and over 75 

 species, many of which are epizoic in habit, 

 being incrusted on hermit crabs, sponges, 

 hydroids, etc.; several genera. 



1. ZOANTHUS Cuvier. Polyps claviform 

 or cylindrical, elongate, usually rising singly 



from a network of stolons, and with no foreign bodies incrusted in their 

 outer surface: numerous species. 



Z. sociatus (Ellis). Polyps about 17 mm. high, springing from 

 stolons or rarely an incrusting membrane, or from one another; tentacles 

 48 to 60 : West Indies. 



2. EPIZOANTHUS Gray. Surface of body incrusted with sand and 

 other foreign bodies; colony consists of several individuals rising from 



a membrane-like base which may cover a variety 

 of living or non-living objects. 



E. americanus Verrill (Fig. 227). Tentacles 

 38 or more ; height of polyp 25 mm. : attached to 

 stones or to hermit crabs in 20 to 400 fathoms, 

 from New Jersey to Gulf of Saint Lawrence. 



Fig. 226 



Cerianthus borealis 

 (Kingsley). 



Fig. 227 



Epizoanthus americanus 

 (from Parker). 



DIVISION 4. HEXACTINIAE. 



Solitary sea anemones, often of large size, 

 with 6 pairs of mesenteries in the simplest forms, 



and approximate multiples of 6 in the higher ones, with usually 2 siphon- 

 oglyphs and a large number of tentacles; the animals usually fasten 

 themselves temporarily to rocks, etc., by the flat foot, which acts like a 

 sucker, and can move slowly from place to place : about 300 species. 



* "Description of Cereanthus borealis Verrill," by J. S. Kingsley, Tufts College 

 Studies, VoL 1, p. 345, 1904. 



