CAMPANULARIAE 



107 



Fig. 176 Diphaaia fal- 

 low (Hargitt). 



with deep annulations and a bowl-shaped orifice: New England coast; 

 common; north Pacific coast; Europe. 



3. DIPHASIA Agassiz. Colony more or less branching, jointed, the 

 bydrothecae in pairs opposite each other and standing out from the 

 stem; a single operculum present (Fig. 173, B); 

 gonangia dimorphic, the female being the larger 

 and often annulated, and with a brood pouch in 

 its distal half, the male with a central tubular 

 orifice and 4 spines: 10 American species. 



D. fallax (Johnston) (Fig. 176). Colony 

 about 8 cm. high, with simple branching, the 

 ends of the branches being often tendril-like; 

 gonangia elongate ; female gonangia oval, deeply 

 cleft into 4 segments: Massachusetts Bay to 

 Bay of Fundy; Europe. 



D. rosacea (L.). Colony delicate, about 8 

 cm. high, branching alternately ; gonangium with 

 longitudinal ridges terminating, in the male, in 

 the teeth which surround the orifice: northerly 

 New England coast; Europe; common. 



4. ABIETINAEIA Kirchenpauer. Hydrothecae flask- 

 shaped and alternate or subalternate with operculum of 

 one piece on the side next to the stem and with smooth 

 margin: 16 species. 



A. abietina (L.) Sea-fir (Fig. 177). Colony large and 

 bushy, being sometimes 30 cm. high or more, with alter- 

 nate branching, with very large hydrothecae and relatively 

 small gonangia : from Vineyard Sound to Labrador; north 

 Pacific; Europe. 



5. THTTIARIA Fleming. Hydrothecae alternat- 

 ing with each other, more than a pair to an inter- 

 node and closely applied to the stem, which is 

 jointed: 20 species. 



T. thuja (L.). Colony very rigid, sometimes 

 25 em. in height, zigzag in shape and annulated 

 near the base; perisarc very dark in color; gonan- 

 gia smooth and pyriform: in shallow water on 

 northerly New England coast; Pacific coast; 

 Europe. 



T. argentea (L.) (Fig. 178). A large bushy colony, often 20 or 30 

 em. high, branching alternately or dichotomously ; gonangia broad, taper- 

 ing towards the base, with a circular aperture and usually 2 spines : very 



Fig. 177 



AMetinaria 



abietina 



(Kingsley). 



Fig. 178 TJiuiaria ar- 

 gentea (Kingsley). g, 

 gonangium ; a, aero- 

 cyst. 



