TUNICATA 



667 



drical, large, and prominent: Massachusetts Bay to Greenland, in clear, 

 shallow water; common towards the north; Norway. 



0. superba Ritter. Body large, bright red in color, pear-shaped, 

 with the broad end at the base, 15 cm. long and 6.5 cm. thick; siphons 

 prominent, not contiguous: Puget Sound; rare. 



0. (Halocynthia Verr.) echinata (L.). Body globose; surface 

 wrinkled, covered with fine fibers and elevated tubercles, each bearing 

 a stellate cluster of about 6 yellow bristles; diameter 25 

 mm.; color red: Martha's Vineyard to Greenland; in 

 shallow water; common towards the north; Europe. 



3. BOLTENIA Savigny. Body globose or elliptical and 

 attached by a long stalk which proceeds from the antero- 

 ventral side of the body; orifices not terminal but lateral 

 in position, each being provided with 4 lobes; oral ten- 

 tacles branched; more than 8 longitudinal ridges in 

 branchial sac: about a dozen species; in the colder seas. 



B. mbra Stimpson. Sea potato (Fig. 1,011). Body 

 slightly compressed and tapering to the slender stem; 

 color red ; surface rough ; length of body 4 cm., of stem 26 

 cm.: Cape Cod northwards, in 2 to 14 fathoms; abundant. 



FAMILY 3. ASCIDIIDAE. 



Fig. 1,011 



Bolteniarubra 



(Gould). 



Body more or less cylindrical, with a gelatinous, 

 transparent tunic; openings lobed; oral tentacles simple; 

 branchial sac without well-developed longitudinal bars; gonads her- 

 maphroditic and unpaired: species numerous; about 10 genera. 



1. ASCIDIA L. Body elongate; branchial sac extending to the base 

 with the intestine on its left side; oral opening with 8 and cloacal 

 opening with 6 lobes: numerous species. 



A. atra Lesueur (A. nigra Savigny). Body ovate, 

 elongate, with abundant blue-black pigment in the tunic 

 and many internal organs; length 7 cm.; diameter 

 3 cm.: Bermuda; West Indies. 



2. CIONA Savigny. Body cylindrical and elongate; 

 siphons more or less extended, oral siphon with 8 and 

 cloacal siphon with 6 lobes; intestine beneath the bran- 

 chial sac, which does not extend to the base : 10 species. 

 C. intestinalis (L.) (C. tenella Stimpson) (Fig. 1,012). Body more 

 or less transparent, 10 cm. long or less and 20 mm. wide, adhering by the 

 base, sometimes yellowish in color: Long Island Sound to Labrador, on 

 stones, shells, etc. ; common towards the north. 



Fig. 1,012 



Ciona intestinalia 



(Gould). 



