INTRODUCTION. 7 



12. Summary. 



I. Natural Science embraces : 



A. The sciences of inanimate things 



Astronomy, 

 Geography, 



Meteorology, Mineralogy, Lithology, etc. 



B. The sciences of animate things 



Botany, 



Zoology. 



(Physics and Chemistry are fundamental to both 

 groups of sciences; Geology embraces portions of 

 the subject-matter of both groups.) 



II. Subdivisions of Zoology. 



A. Morphology: 



1. Promorphology, which treats of general 

 form; 



2. Anatomy ; = the structure of parts: 



Gross = structure of organs and systems 



of organs ; 

 Microscopic = (Histology, Cytology) ; 



structure of tissues and cells ; 



3. History of Development (structural stages) : 



Individual = (Embryology, Ontogeny) ; 

 Racial = (Phylogeny). 



B. Physiology : 



1. Physiology proper ; = the functional relation 

 of part to part and to the whole. 



2. Ecology ; = relations of the individual to its 

 whole surroundings. 



C. Distribution : 



1. In space = (Geographical Distribution) ; 



2. In time = ( Palaeozoology, as revealed by 

 fossils) ; 



D. Classification, or the grouping of animals ac- 

 cording to their likeness or kinship. 



