MORPHOLOGY 



51 



and sexual organs). In the sense of the term implied here the hairs, 

 prickles, and glands borne on the surface of the highly organised 

 plants must be included as well as the haustoria described above. 

 As an extreme case the attaching organs (hapterae) of the previously 

 mentioned Podostemaceae may be referred to. These hapterse serve 



Fio. 54. Part of the shoot of Sflaginella, Martensii with rhixo]>li< >*. 

 (From GOEBEL, Organography. Nat. size.) 



to attach the nutritive roots of these plants firmly to the rocks 

 exposed to rapidly flowing water, upon which they grow They are 

 at first conical outgrowths, but flatten out and become lobed when 

 applied to the surface of the rock. The shoots originate from the 

 flat nutritive roots. There is, indeed, no reason why outgrowths of 

 the vegetative body of the plant should not become adapted to the 

 performance of particular functions ( 30 ). 



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