410 



BOTANY 



PAKT 11 



FIG. 3.j(j. i'lararia botrytis. (X;tt. si/t>.) 



many others, accessory fructifications are developed, ami spindle-shaped conidia 

 are abstricted from the mycelium on the surface of the host plant, before tin 

 formation of the basidia. 



2. In the group of the Thelephoreae. distinctive fructifications of a simple type 

 are found. Tln-y form on the trunks of trees either flat, leathery incrustations 



liearing the hymenium on their 

 smoot li upper surfaces; or the flat 

 fructifications becomeraised above 

 the substratum and form bracket- 

 like projection*, winch frequently 

 show an imbricated arrangement, 

 and bear the hymenium on the 

 under side(e.g.Stcrcumhirsitti/n/, 

 common on the stems of decidu- 

 ous trees). 



3. The fructifications of the 

 Clavarieae form erect whitish or 

 yellow - coloured bodies, either 

 fleshy and club-shaped or more or 

 le>s branched, in a coral-like 

 fashion. The larger, profusely 

 ln-anehed forms of this group are 

 highly esteemed for their edible 

 qualities ; in particular. Clavaria flava, whose fleshy, yellow-coloured fructifications 

 are often ten centimetres high, also Clavaria botrytis (Fig. 356), which has a pale 

 red colour. Sparassis crispa, which grows in sandy soil in Pine woods, has fructi- 

 fications half a metre in diameter, with compressed, leaf-like branehes. 



4. The Hydneae have fructifications with spinous projections over which the 

 hymenium extends. In the simpler forms 



the fructifications have the appearance of 

 incrustations, with spinous outgrowths 

 projecting from the upper surface ; in other 

 cases they have a stalk, bearing an umbrella- 

 like expansion, from the under side of 

 which the outgrowths depend. The latter 

 form is exhibited by the edible fungi 

 Hydnum imbricatum, which has a brown 

 pileus 15 cm. wide, with dark scales on the 

 upper surface, and Hydnum repandum(Yig. 

 357), with a yellowish pileus. 



5. In the Polyporeae, a group containing 

 numerous species, the stalked or sessile and 

 bracket-shaped fructifications are indented 

 on the under side with pit-like depressions, 

 or deep winding passages, or covered with 



a layer of tubes, closely fitted together and lined by the hymenium. To this family 

 belongs the genus Boletus, occurring on the soil of woods, which has a large, thiek- 

 stalked pileus, covered on the under side with a layer of narrow dependent tubes. 

 Although many species of this genus are edible (e.g. B. edulis), others are 

 exe.-edingly poisonous, in particular Jj. Satanns (Fig. 360). The stalk of the latter 

 fiingus is a yellow to reddish-purple, or has red reticulate markings, while the 



,,'iinliiiii. 



