494 



BOTANY 



the only genus of the Cupressineae with such fruits ; the others, such 

 as Cupressns, Thuja. Tit.riIit>i,,, have cones. 



.luniperus cominnnis, Juniper, is a shrub or 

 small tree distributed over the northern hemi- 

 sphere. ,/. Xiil>in<t a prostrate shrub of tin- 

 Alps and other mountains of central and southern 

 Kurope. The Cypress (f.'n/iri'sxus sempervircns) 

 in the Mediterranean region. 7'. /-///>/// //s- 

 >!<// n m is a deciduous tree, forming extended 

 swampy woods on the north coast of the Gulf of 

 Mexico from Florida to Galveston. T. mexicanum 

 is evergreen and is widely distributed on the 

 highlands of Mexico ; very large specimens occur 

 such as the giant tree of Tule, which at a height 

 of 40 in. was 30 m. in circumference, and was 

 fjl estimated by VON HrMuoi.ivr to be 4000 years old. 



:<;. 401. flnamiUvettria. Ovulitcniu> 

 scale (//) bearing two ovules s and 

 the keel c. The bract scale /; is 

 visible l>ehind. The free margin of 

 the integument of the ovule forms 

 two prolongations (TO), (x 7.) 



Sub-family Abietineae. The floral 

 structure of the Abietineae may In- 

 described in the first place. The male 

 flowers (cf. Fig. 440, p. 481) consist of 

 an axis bearing scale leaves at the base, 

 and, above this, numerous stamens : 

 the pollen -sacs (microsporangia) art- 

 situated on the lower surface of the 

 stamen. In the Abietineae in the 

 narrower sense there are two pollen- 

 sacs, but in Agathis and Araufurin 

 there are 5-15. The projecting tip of 

 the sporophyll varies in size and ap- 

 pearance, but is as a rule triangular. 

 The microspores are usually winged. 

 The female flowers are always cones. 

 consisting of an axis bearing the closely 

 approximated scales, which protect the 

 ovules ; the scales later become liqui- 

 fied. In Agathis and Araucaria each 

 scale bears a single anatropous ovule at 

 its base. (The cone-bearing Cupressineae 

 have an outgrowth of the scale on 

 which the ovules are seated ; the out- 

 growth is not sharply marked off from 

 the scale.) The condition of affairs in 

 Sequoia and Sciadopitys is similar, but 

 each scale bears 4-9 anatropous ovules. 



l-'n;. 4iVJ.--. -I /)(>.< )Tt;ii"tn. a. Male (lower; /, scale 

 leaves : 7i. .-.I'lu^pliyHs. /.. Cmii-. <, Carpel, viewed 

 from lielow (dor>al surface), hi>win.", the fertile 

 and cover-scale ; rf, the same viewed from alwve 

 (ventral surface). (After BEU" and SCHMIDT: 

 a, c, il, nat. si/i- : l>, n-duced.) 



the outgrowth is more definitely defim-d ; 

 In the Abietineae proper the limits of the 



