PHANEROGAMIA 



519 



(species of Utricularia) are accumulated beforehand, are thus made available for 

 the nutrition of the macrospore. 



The Fruit ( 12 ). While the formation and structure of the seed 

 presents nothing peculiar to the Angiosperms, the fruit in that group 

 exhibits a great variety in its development and requires further 

 consideration here. 



Such a variety in the fruit might be anticipated from the range 

 in structure of the gynaeceum described above. The product of the 

 individual carpels associated in such apocarpous gyriaecea as those 

 of the Rosaceae will here be termed PARTIAL FRUITS or FRUITLETS, 

 while the product of the whole gynaeceum will be spoken of as the 

 FRUIT. The hollowed-out or projecting floral axis bearing the carpels 

 may be included in the fruit. In the case of fruits resulting from 

 syncarpous gynaecea the further development of the wall of the 

 ovary as the PERICARP has to *be especially considered. The outer- 



^ - n> 



FIG. 507. Modes of dehiscence of capsulai- fruits. A, H, capsule of Viola ti-i<-<ili- before and after 

 the! dehiscence ; C, poricidal capsule of Antii ihinimi iM'jVf (iniiuiiiliid) ; D, K, pyxidium of 

 Aiiagallis a?vi-n*is before and at'tei dehisceiice. 



most, middle, and innermost layers of this are distinguished as 

 EXOCARP, MESOCARP, and ENDOCARP respectively. According to 

 the nature of the pericarp the forms of fruit may be classified as 

 follows : 



1. A fruit with a dry pericarp, which opens when ripe, is termed 

 a CAPSULE (Fig. 507). When dehiscence takes place by a separation 

 of the carpels along their lines of union the capsule is SEPTICIDAL ; 

 when the separate loculi open by means of a longitudinal split, it is 

 termed LOCULICIDAL, and when definite circumscribed openings are 

 formed, it is termed PORICIDAL. As special types of frequent 

 occurrence may be mentioned : The FOLLICLE, which is a capsule 

 developed from a single carpel and opening by separation of the. 

 ventral suture, e.g. Aconitum napellus (Fig. 594) : The LEGUME or 

 pod, which differs from the follicle in dehiscing by both ventral 

 and dorsal sutures, e.g. Cytisus laburnum (Fig. 642) : The SILIQUA 

 consists of two carpels and typically dehisces at maturity by their 

 separation from a septum lying in the plane of the sutures. The 



