520 



BOTANY 



PART II 



fruit of the Cruciferae, e.g. Cheiranthus Cheiri (Fig. 612), is of this 

 nature. The PYXIDIUM opens by the removal of a lid, e.g. Anagallis 

 (Fig. 507). 



2. DRY INDEHISCENT FRUITS have a dry pericarp which does 

 not open at maturity. Those with a hard pericarp are termed 

 NUTS. An indehiscent fruit containing one seed, the coat of which 



Kit;. "(OS. Dry iiideliisci-ut fruits. .4, Xut of / 



nffidnalis (x ff). B, Achene of Fugopi/rtim esculentum 

 (x 2). (After DUCHARTRE.) 



Fl<;. OCHt. Schi/nrurp of Hnl.ium 

 mollvgo. (After DUCHARTRE, 

 x 6.) 



is adherent to the leathery pericarp, is known as a CARYOPSIS (e.g. 

 Grasses). When the seed is distinct from the pericarp, as in the 

 Compositae, Polygonaceae, etc., it is termed an ACHENE (Fig. 508). 



3. When a dry fruit, consisting of several carpels, separates at 

 maturity into its partial fruits without the latter opening, it is 

 termed a SCHIZOCARP (e.g. Umbelliferae, Malva, Galium, Fig. 509). 



4 



Fi<;. 510. Fruit of J'tii/intix c/kekengi, 

 consisting of the persistent calyx 

 x, surrounding the berry fr, derived 

 from the ovary. (After DCCHARTRE. ) 



;. ">11. Fruit of Rosa alba, consisting of the fleshy 

 hollowed axis s', the persistent sepals s, and the 

 carpels fr. The stamens e have witliwii. (After 

 DUCHARTRE.) 



4. A BERRY is a fruit in which all the layers of the pericarp 

 become succulent, as in Vaccinium, J^itis, etc. ; when at complete 

 maturity the succulent tissue dries up a DRY BERRY results (Capsicum). 

 In a few cases berries may be dehiscent, as in Myristica and some 

 Cucurbitaceae. 



5. In the DRUPE the pericarp is differentiated into a succulent 



