PHANEROGAMIA 



611 



umbel, the flowers of which open first, is overtopped by the lateral umbels arising 

 from the leaf-axils. Biennial. Carum Bulbocastmmm has a perennial, tuberous 

 rhizome ; its seedlings have only one cotyledon. Foeniculum (Fennel) and 

 Levisticum (Lovage) have yellow flowers. Petroselinum (Parsley), Pastinaca 

 (Parsnip), Daucus (Carrot), Aplum (Celery), and Anethum (Dill), are used as 

 vegetables. Cicuta (Water-Hemlock, Fig. 704), Sium (Water-Parsnip, Fig. 703), 

 Oenanthe (Fig. 702), and Berula, are marsh- or water-plants. Aethusa cynapium 

 (Fool's Parsley, Fig. 705) has the ribs of the fruit keeled ; umbels with three 



Kii;. 705. Aethusa cynapium (5 nat. size). B, Single umbeL '', Fruit (enlarged). Poisoxocx. 



elongated, linear, involucral leaves directed outwards. All the last-named plants 

 are poisonous. Archangelica ojficinalis is a conspicuous plant reaching a height of 

 2 metres, with large, bipinnate leaves provided with saccate, sheathing bases ; the 

 greenish flowers are markedly protandrous, the styles and stigmas only developing 

 after the stamens have fallen. In Carum, Oenanthe, Cicuta, and Heracleum, and 

 notably in the large species of Ferula, the flowers become polygamous or of 

 separate sexes by abortion of stamens or carpels ; sometimes the plants become 

 dioecious. The ovary i.s completely wauling in the male flowers. 



2. Campylospermac. The ventral side of the endosperm is traversed by a 

 longitudinal groove (Fig. 700, 3). Scandix, Anthriscus (Beaked Parsley), Ohaero- 



2 T 



