PHANEROGAMIA 



675 



Diervilla ( Weigeiia) is a favourite 

 flowering shrub. 



OFFICIAL. Sambucus nigra yields 



SAMBUCI FLORES. 



Family 3. Valerianaeeae. 

 Herbs or small shrubs, with de- 

 cussately arranged leaves and 

 asymmetrical flowers. Calyx 

 only developed with the fruit as 

 a pappus. Corolla pentamerous, 

 spurred. Stamens 4, 3, or 1. 

 Carpels 3, but only one loculus of 

 the ovary is fertile, and contains 

 a single, pendulous ovule (Figs. 

 757, 758). 



GENEKA. Valeriana, Valerian. V. 

 officinalis is a herbaceous plant widely 

 distributed throughout Europe. It 

 has a short, thick, chambered rhizome, 

 which often sends out subterranean 

 offsets. Leaves imparipinnate. In- 

 florescence a panicle. Spur short. The 

 hairy calyx developed on the single- 

 seeded fruit assists in its dispersal by 

 the wind. Valcrianella, small, incon- 

 spicuous plants. V. olitoria, Lamb's 

 Lettuce. Centranthus ruber from the 

 Mediterranean region has a long spur 

 to the flower ; it is commonly culti- 

 vated in gardens. 



OFFICIAL. Valeriana officinalis 

 yields VALERIANAE IIHIZOMA. 



Order 8. Campanulinae 



Herbs, with simple, entire, 

 alternate, exstipulate leaves. 

 Floral formula usually K 5, C(5), 

 A 5, G (2-3); in other cases 

 there are 5 carpels. A well- 

 developed calyx, and stamens 

 inserted on the floral axis with 

 their anthers coherent are char- 

 acteristic of the order. 



Fio. 755. Asperula odoruta (jj nat. size). Single 

 flower and flower in longitudinal section (en- 

 larged). 



Family 1. Campanulaceae. Herbs with milky juice ; flowers actiuomorphic ; 

 ovary as a rule trilocular. Fruit a capsule (Figs. 759, 760). 



