434 



BOTANY 



the capsule. Distinctive variations in the mode of development and 

 structure of the capsules are exhibited by the four orders of the 



Fio. 3pO. Andreaea petrophila. ps, Pseudopodium; 

 .S;>/, foot ; k, capsule ; c, calyptra. (x 12.) 



Fio. 391. Ephemerum serratum. p, Protonema ; 

 ft, foliage-leaf ; s, sporogonium ; c, calyptra ; 

 rh, rhizoids. (After W. P. SCIIIHPER, x 200.) 



FIG. 3U2. Pdytrichum commune, rh, Hhi- 

 zoids ; s, seta ; c, calyptra ; ap, apophysis ; 

 d, operculum. (Nat. size.) 



Musci : Sphagnaceae, Andreaeaceae, Phascaceae, and Bryinae. 

 Sphagnaceae and Andreaeaceae are nearest to the Liverworts. 



The 



Order 1 . Sphagnaceae ( 104 ) 



The order of the Sphagnaceae, or Bog Mosses, includes only a single genus, 

 Sphagnum, containing many species. The Bog Mosses grow in swampy places, 



