PHANEROGAMIA 



491 



splits at the base and along the side of each pollen-sac, so that the whole stamen 

 resembles an umbrella turned inside out ; the pollen remains for a time in the 

 pocket-like depressions, from which it is removed by the wind. The female 

 flower usually develops singly as a secondary, axillary shoot of the uppermost 

 scale leaf of a primary shoot ; the apex of the latter is displaced to the side and 

 does not develop further. Each flower consists of a single, atropous ovule with 

 one integument. The drop of fluid excreted from the micropyle of many Gymno- 

 sperms is especially well shown by the Yew. As the seed develops, a fleshy arillus 



Km. 4.J7. Win* lii'n -lit". (.1 nut. si/f.) J'oiao.vofs. 



.springs from its base and surrounds the mature seed like a bright red cup. The 

 foliage and seed are poisonous, but the aril, which induces birds to distribute the 

 seed, is harmless. 



Family Pinaceae. This family includes the most important 

 Coniferae, and on grounds of differences in leaf arrangement and in 

 the position of the ovules is divided into two sub-families. The 

 forms with the leaves opposite or in whorls are included in the 

 Cupressineae ; they also have the ovules erect. Cupressus, Thuja, 

 Juniperus, and Taxodium are representative genera ; the habit of 

 Taxodium is peculiar. All the forms with alternate leaves are included 

 in the Abietineae, and, almost without exception, they also possess 



