506 



BOTANY 



Fig. 478 an apocarpous (A) and a syncarpous gynaeceum (O) are 

 represented, together with one in which the carpels are coherent 

 below to form the ovary while the styles are free (B). 



The POSITION OF THE OVULES WITHIN THE OVARY may be erect, 

 pendulous, horizontal, or oblique to the longer axis (Figs. 479, 480). 

 In anatropous ovules the raphe is said to be ventral when it is 



Fi<;. 4S2. Hypogyirnis HUWIT nf Humim-ulits .vvfccii/im with iiuim-riius, Mi|>crior ovaries home 

 upon a club-shaped receptacle. (After HAII.LON, magnified.) 



turned towards the ventral side of the carpel, and dorsal if towards 

 the dorsal side of the carpel. 



The differences in the form of the floral axis, which involve changes 

 in the position of the gynaeceum, lead to differences in the form of 

 the flower itself. Some of the commonest cases are diagrammatically 

 represented in Fig. 481 A-C. The summit of the floral axis is 



I'M:. 4>3. Different flowers belonging to the family Rosaceae, cut through longitudinally. 1, 

 I'otentilla palustris, hyiwgynous ; 2, Alchemilla ulpim'. )>erigynous ; 3, Pyrus Mnlus, 'epigynous. 

 (After FOCKE in Nat. Pflanzen-familien, magnified.) 



usually thicker than the stalk-like portion below ; it is often widened 

 out and projecting, or it may be depressed and form a cavity. If the 

 whorls of members of the flower are situated above one another on a 



simple, conical axis THE GYNAECEUM FORMS THE UPPERMOST WHORL 

 AND IS SPOKEN OF AS SUPERIOR, WHILE THE FLOWER IS TERMED 



HYPOGYNOUS (Figs. 482, 483). If, however, the end of the axis is 

 expanded into a flat or cup-shaped receptacle, an interval thus separat- 

 ing the androecium and gynaeceum, the flower is termed PERIGYNOUS 



