PHANEROGAMIA 591 



(Fig. 612 D). Cochlearin officinalis, Scurvy Grass (Fig. 615), is a glabrous, biennial 

 herb which germinates in summer, forming a large rosette of stalked, cordate leaves, 

 persists over winter, and early in the succeeding summer produces a low, copiously 

 branched inflorescence of white flowers. The rdsette of radical leaves has dis- 

 appeared by the time the fruit is ripe. 



4. Siliculosae dehiscentcs angustiscptac : Thlaspi, Iberis with somewhat zygo- 

 morphic flowers, Capsella (Fig. 612 C). 



5. Siliculosae nucamentaceae : Isatis tinctoria, Woad. 



OFFICIAL. SINAPIS AI.BAE SEMINA, from Sinapis alba ; SINAPIS NIGRAE s KM IN A, 

 from Brassica nigra. AHMOUACIAE RADIX, from Cochlearia Armoracia. 



Family 4. Capparidaceae. Herbs or shrubs with simple or palmately-divided 

 leaves, often stipulate. Flowers as in the Cruciferae, K4, C4, A2 + 2, G(2) ; tliey 

 differ by the intercalation of a gynophore raising the ovary high above the level of 

 the other parts of the flower, and by the branching of the stamens (or some of 

 them) giving rise to an indefinite number (Fig. 617). Fruit usually a berry, in 

 other cases a capsule or drupe. Seeds without endosperm. 



Capparis spinosa is a small shrub occurring on rocky ground in the Medi- 

 terranean region. The leaves are simple with short, recurved, spiny stipules. The 

 actinomorphic flowers are axillary and solitary ; the androecium by chorisis consists 

 of numerous members. The fruit is a berry which reaches the size of a plum and 

 contains numerous seeds. Capers are prepared from the young flower buds. 



Family 5. Resedaceae. Herbs with alternate leaves and zygomorphic flowers 

 forming a dense raceme. The sexual organs are borne on a gynophore or disc. 

 K5-8, C5-8, A oo, G (2-6). The^ ovary is unilocular and open above, or the 

 carpels are free. Reseda odorata, Mignonette. JR. lutea, R. luteola, British. 



Order 9. Insectivorae ( 24 ) 



This small order includes the three families of the Sarraceniaceae. Nepenthaceae, 

 and Droseraceae, which were formerly placed in the Cistiflorse. The name has 

 reference to the capacity for capturing and digesting insects which is shown by 

 many representatives of these families (cf. p. 236, Figs. 208-210). The common 

 affinity of the three families is now generally admitted, and they may perhaps 

 be connected on to the Resedaceae. 



Genera of Sarraceniaceae : Sarracenia, Darlingtonia, North American, marsh- 

 and moor-plants. 



Genus of the Nepenthaceae : Nepenthes, dioecious, climbing, pitcher -plants of 

 tropical Asia (Fig. 46). 



Genera of the Droseraceae : Dionaea, Venus' Fly - trap, North America. 

 Aldroranda vcsiculosa, a European Water-plant, also found in India and Australia. 

 Drosera, the Sundew ; many species occur on peat-moors. Drosophyllum lusi- 

 tanicum, Spain and Portugal. 



Order 10. Saxifraginae 



Herbs or woody plants of very diverse habit, with actino- 

 morphic, pentamerous flowers. Androecium usually obdiplostemonous. 

 Carpels 2-5, free or coherent. Flowers hypogynous, perigynous or 

 epigynous. 



The family of the Podosteinonaceae ( 24a ) may be included in this order. The 

 vegetative and reproductive organs of these plants are peculiarly modified in 



