SECT. II 



PHANEROGAMIA 



605 



cruciform arrangement. The three, red-veined, yellowish-white petals stand erect. 

 The three stamens are coherent at the base and lie close to the easily movable 

 curved carpel, so that the anthers and stigma project together. The i'ruit is 

 peculiar. The pericarp is differentiated into an outer brittle exocarp, a succulent 

 mesocarp, and a firm endocarp consisting of stone-cells investing the more or less 

 numerous seeds individually (Fig. 634). Humboldtia laurifolia has hollow inter- 

 nodes inhabited by ants (Fig. 206, p. 236). The almost imperceptibly dorsiventral 

 flowers of Copalfera (Fig. 635) have no corolla ; the four sepals are succeeded by 

 8-10 free stamens. The fruit is one- 

 seeded but opens when ripe. The seed 

 is invested on one side by a succulent, 

 irregularly limited arillus. None of the 

 Caesalpiniaceae are British. Cercis sili- 

 quastrum from the Mediterranean region, 

 which bears its flowers on the old woody 

 stems (cauliflorous) (Fig. 631 A), and 

 Gleditschia triacanthos (N. Am.) are 

 sometimes cultivated as ornamental 

 plants in gardens. 



OFFICIAL. SENNA INDICA, the pinnae 

 of Cassia angustifolia (Trop. East Africa 



FIG. 640. Myroxylon Pereirae. See IVxt. (En- 

 larged. After BKRO and SCHMIDT.) OFFICIAL. 



l-'n;. (141. Fruit of Myraxylvn Pereirae 

 (3 nat. size). OFFICIAL. 



and Arabia, cultivated at Tinnevelly in Southern India) ; SENNA ALKXANDRIKA 

 from C. acutifolia ; Cassia fistula (Trop. Am.) yields CASSIAE PULP A ; COPAIBA is 

 obtained from Copalfera Langsdorfii and other species ; TAMARINDUS from the 

 succulent mesocarp of Tamarindus indica ; HAEMATOXYLI LIGNUM, the heart-wood 

 of Haematoxylon campechianum (Trop. Am.); KKAMERIAE RADIX from Krameria 

 triandra, a shrub growing in the Cordilleras. Flowers atypical ; the sepals 

 brightly coloured within ; the corolla small. Three stamens opening by pores at 

 the summit. Fruit spherical, prickly. Leaves simple, silvery white (Fig. 636). 



Family 3. Papilionaeeae. Herbs, shrubs, or trees with, as a rule, 

 imparipinnate leaves. Flowers always markedly zygomorphic. 

 Calyx of five sepals. Corolla of five petals, papilionaceous, with 

 descending imbricate aestivation (Fig. 637). Stamens 10; filaments 



