PHAXEROGAMIA 649 



(and P. si'iie'iisis) secrete in their glandular hairs certain substances which fre- 

 quently give rise to rashes and to inflammation of the eyes of those handling the 

 plants. 



Family 2. Plumbaginaceae. Herbs with a dry, membranous, but often brightly 

 coloured calyx. Style branched. The ovary contains a single ovule. Species of 

 Armeria and Statice are common plants of salt marshes. 



B. TETRACYCLICAE 

 Order 4. Contortae 



Plants with decussate, usually simple leaves and actinomorphic 

 flowers, the corolla of which is often contorted in the bud. Stamens 

 epipetalous. Ovary of two carpels, superior. 



Family 1. Oleaeeae. Shrubs or trees with- 

 out stipules. Flowers tetramerous, but with 

 only two stamens. K4, C(4), A2, G(2). 

 Corolla with valvular or imbricate .-estivation. 

 Ovary bilocular; two ovules in each loculus 

 (Fig. 715). 



IMPORTANT GENERA. Oh i-m-ninn the Olive f 43 ), a 



FIG. 715. Oleaceac. Floral 



native or the Mediterranean region and ot western Asia, dia"ram(Sj/-/''/"). 



where also it is cultivated. It is a tree with a poorly 



developed crown of slender pendulous branches bearing lanceolate, simple, entire 

 leaves, which are dark green above, greyish green beneath. The (lowers are borne 

 in axillary racemes or panicles. The fruit is a drupe, both the succulent exocarp 

 and the endosperm of which contain a fatty oil (Figs. 717-719). Ligustrum vulgare, 

 the Privet. Jasurinnm and Kiirin<j<i (Fig. 715) are grown as flowering shrubs. 

 /'i-n.i'i'iiiix. the Ash, has inipari|iinnate leaves: F. excelsior has apetalous, anemo- 

 philous flowers, \\hieh appear before the leaves. /'. ariius, the Flowering Ash. has 

 a double perianth and is entomophilous ; it is polygamous, having hermaphrodite 

 flowers as well as female flowers with black, sterile anthers ; the corolla is divided 

 to the base (Fig. 716). 



OFFICIAL. Olca <:urojn'n yields OLKI'M IH.IVAK. 



Family 2. Loganiaceae. Herbs, shrubs, or trees with stipulate leaves. K f>, 

 0(5), A5, G(2). Tropical. Species of X/,-,/i;/inos, which are trees or lianes climbing 

 liy means of hook-tendrils, yield the arrow poison as well as the well-known Curare 

 of South America, and that used by the Malays. 



OFFICIAL. Stri/r/nmx //./ /(/////><> is a small tree or shrub of southern Asia, the 

 fruits of which are berries with a firm rind ; in the succulent pulp a small number 

 of erect, circular, disc-shaped seeds are embedded (Fig. 720). It yields xrx 



VOMICA and STKYCIIXIXA. Cl'.I.M-'.Mll RADIX is obtained from <!<h<'ni inm ii iliil ii nl,. 



which is a native of the south of North America. 



Family 3. Gentianaeeae. Herbs, with exstipulate leaves. 

 Corolla contorted in the bud (Fig. 721). The two carpels are united 

 to form a unilocular ovary. Ovules numerous. 



i, 41 i> a genus with numerous species. Plants of 

 larger or smaller si/e. especially abundant in the Alps.. Flowers brightly coloured. 



