XI PHENOMENA OF ORGANIC NATURE 323 



animals to one another. The horse is a very well- 

 defined matter-of-fact sort of animal, and we are 

 all pretty familiar with its structure. I dare say 

 it may have struck you, that it resembles very 

 much no other member of the animal kingdom, 

 except perhaps the zebra or the ass. But let me 

 ask you to look along these diagrams. Here is 

 the skeleton of the horse, and here the skeleton 

 of the dog. You will notice that we have in the 

 horse a skull, a backbone and ribs, shoulder-blades 

 and haunch-bones. In the fore-limb, one upper 

 arm-bone, two fore arm-bones, wrist-bones (wrongly 

 called knee), and middle hand-bones, ending in 

 the three bones of a finger, the last of which is 

 sheathed in the horny hoof of the fore-foot : in the 

 hind-limb, one thigh-bone, two leg-bones, ankle- 

 bones, and middle foot-bones, ending in the three 

 bones of a toe, the last of which is encased in the 

 hoof of the hind-foot. Now turn to the dog's 

 skeleton. We find identically the same bones, but 

 more of them, there being more toes in each foot, 

 and hence more toe-bones. 



Well, that is a very curious thing ! The fact is 

 that the dog and the horse when one gets a 

 look at them without the outward impediments of 

 the skin are found to be made in very much the 

 same sort of fashion. And if I were to make a 

 transverse section of the dog, I should find the 

 same organs that I have already shown you as 

 forming parts of the horse. Well, here is another 



