RESEMBLANCES AMONG ANIMALS. 87 



beautiful Euplaea miclamus is so exactly mimicked by 

 two rare Papilios (P. paradoxa and P. senigma) that I 

 generally caught them under the impression that they 

 were the more common species ; and the equally com- 

 mon and even more beautiful Euplaea rhadamanthus, 

 with its pure white bands and spots on a ground of 

 glossy blue and black, is reproduced in the Papilio 

 caunus. Here also there are species of Diadema imi- 

 tating the same group in two or three instances ; but 

 we shall have to adduce these further on in connexion 

 with another branch of the subject. 



It has been already mentioned that in South America 

 there is a group of Papilios which have all the char- 

 acteristics of a protected race, and whose peculiar 

 colours and markings are imitated by other butterflies 

 not so protected. There is just such a group also in 

 the East, having very similar colours and the same 

 habits, and these also are mimicked by other species 

 in the same genus not closely allied to them, and also 

 by a few of other families. Papilio hector, a common 

 Indian butterfly of a rich black colour spotted with 

 crimson, is so closely copied by Papilio romulus, that 

 the latter insect has been thought to be its female. A 

 close examination shows, however, that it is essentially 

 different, and belongs to another section of the genus. 

 Papilio antiphus and P. diphilus, black swallow-tailed 

 butterflies with cream-coloured spots, are so well imi- 

 tated by varieties of P. theseus, that several writers 

 have classed them as the same species. Papilio liris, 

 found only in the island of Timor, is accompanied 



