ILLUSTRATIVE OF NATUEAL SELECTION. 179 



relation to those of the surrounding countries ; and 

 they seem to indicate that climate and other physical 

 causes have, in some cases, a very powerful effect in 

 modifying specific form and colour, and thus directly 

 aid in producing the endless variety of nature. 



Mimicry, 



Having fully discussed this subject in the preceding 

 essay, I have only to adduce such illustrations of it, as 

 are furnished by the Eastern Papilionidae, and to show 

 their bearing upon the phenomena of variation already 

 mentioned. As in America, so in the Old "World, 

 species of Danaidse are the objects which the other 

 families most often imitate. But besides these, some 

 genera of Morphida3 and one section of the genus 

 Papilio are also less frequently copied. Many species 

 of Papilio mimic other species of these three groups so 

 closely that they are undistinguishable when on the 

 wing ; and in every case the pairs which resemble 

 each other inhabit the same locality. 



The following list exhibits the most important and 

 best marked cases of mimicry which occur among the 

 Papilionidse of the Malayan region and India : 



Mimickers. Species mimicked. Common habitat. 



1. Papilio paradoxa Euplcea Midamusl 



(male & female) (male & female) J bumatra > 0. 



