SELECTION ON MAN. 313 



fellows ; the smaller development of the combative and 

 destructive propensities ; self-restraint in present appe- 

 tites ; and that intelligent foresight which prepares for 

 the future, are all qualities, that from their earliest 

 appearance must have been for the benefit of each 

 community, and would, therefore, have become the 

 subjects of " natural selection." For it is evident 

 that such qualities would be for the well-being of 

 man ; would guard him against external enemies, 

 against internal dissensions, and against the effects of 

 inclement seasons and impending famine, more surely 

 than could any merely physical modification. Tribes 

 in which such mental and moral qualities were pre- 

 dominant, would therefore have an advantage in the 

 struggle for existence over other tribes in which they 

 were less developed, would live and maintain their 

 numbers, while the others would decrease and finally 

 succumb. 



Again, when any slow changes of physical geogra- 

 phy, or of climate, make it necessary for an animal 

 to alter its food, its clothing, or its weapons, it can 

 only do so by the occurrence of a corresponding 

 change in its own bodily structure and internal or- 

 ganization. If a larger or more powerful beast is to 

 be captured and devoured, as when a carnivorous ani- 

 mal which has hitherto preyed on antelopes is obliged 

 from their decreasing numbers to attack buffaloes, it 

 is only the strongest who can hold, those with most 

 powerful claws, and formidable canine teeth, that can 

 struggle with and overcome such an animal. Natural 



