AS APPLIED TO MAN. 337 



which might have belonged to a philosopher, or might 

 have contained the thoughtless brains of a savage. " 



" O 



Of the cave men of Les Eyzies, who were undoubtedly 

 contemporary with the reindeer in the South of France, 

 Professor Paul Broca says (in a paper read before 

 the Congress of Pre-historic Archaeology in 1868) 

 " The great capacity of the brain, the development of 

 the frontal region, the fine elliptical form of the anterior 

 part of the profile of the skull, are incontestible char- 

 acteristics of superiority, such as we are accustomed to 

 meet with in civilised races ; " yet the great breadth of 

 the face, the enormous development of the ascending 

 ramus of the lower jaw, the extent and roughness of 

 the surfaces for the attachment of the muscles, espe- 

 cially of the masticators, and the extraordinary de- 

 velopment of the ridge of the femur, indicate enormous 

 muscular power, and the habits of a savage and 

 brutal race. 



These facts might almost make us doubt whether 

 the size of the brain is in any direct way an index of 

 mental power, had we not the most conclusive evidence 

 that it is so, in the fact that, whenever an adult male 

 European has a skull less than nineteen inches in cir- 

 cumference, or has less than sixty-five cubic inches of 

 brain, he is invariably idiotic. When we join with this 

 the equally undisputed fact, that great men those who 

 combine acute perception with great reflective power, 

 strong passions, and general energy of character, such 

 as Napoleon, Cuvier, and O'Connell, have always heads 

 far above the average size, we must feel satisfied that 



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