170 THE MALAYAN PAPILIONID2E A3 



lost the tail in the male, while the female retains it, but 

 in a narrower and less spatulate form. A little further, 

 in Gilolo, P. Nicanor has completely lost the tail in 

 both sexes. 



Papilio Agamemnon exhibits a somewhat similar 

 series of changes. In India it is always tailed; in 

 the greater part of the archipelago it has a very short 

 tail ; while far east, in New Guinea and the adjacent 

 islands, the tail has almost entirely disappeared. 



In the Polydorus-group two species, P. Antiphus 

 ^and P. Diphilus, inhabiting India and the Indian 

 region, are tailed, while the two which take their 

 place in the Moluccas, New Guinea, and Australia, 

 P. Polydorus and P. Leodamas, are destitute of tail, 

 the species furthest east having lost this ornament 

 the most completely. 



Western species, Tailed. Allied Eastern species not Tailed. 



Papilio Pammon (India) ... P. Thesus (Islands) minute tail. 



P. Agamemnon, var. (India) P. Agamemnon, var. (Islands). 



P. Antiphus (India, Java) ... P. Polydorus (Moluccas). 



P. Diphilus (India, Java) ... P. Leodamas (New Guinea). 



The most conspicuous instance of local modification 

 of form, however, is exhibited in the island of Celebes, 

 which in this respect, as in some others, stands alone 

 and isolated in the whole archipelago. Almost every 

 species of Papilio inhabiting Celebes has the wings 

 of a peculiar shape, which distinguishes them at a 

 glance from the allied species of every other island. 

 This peculiarity consists, first, in the upper wings 

 being generally more elongate and falcate ; and se- 



