104 THE MALAYAN PAPILIONIDJE AS 



but little weight on a point of such magnitude if 

 standing alone ; but coming as it does to confirm 

 deductions drawn from whole classes of the higher 

 animals, it must be admitted to have considerable 

 value. 



We may determine in a similar manner the relations 

 of the different Papuan Islands to New Guinea. Of 

 thirteen species of PapilionidaB obtained in the Aru 

 Islands, six were also found in New Guinea, and 

 seven not. Of nine species obtained at Waigiou, six 

 were New Guinea, and three not. The five species 

 found at Mysol were all New Guinea species. Mysol, 

 therefore, has closer relations to New Guinea than 

 the other islands ; and this is corroborated by the 

 distribution of the birds, of which I will only now 

 give one instance. The Paradise Bird found in Mysol 

 is the common New Guinea species, while the Aru 

 Islands and Waigiou have each a species peculiar to 

 themselves. 



The large island of Borneo, which contains more 

 species of Papilionidas than any other in the archi- 

 pelago, has nevertheless only three peculiar to itself; 

 and it is quite possible, and even probable, that one 

 of these may be found in Sumatra or Java. The last- 

 named island has also three species peculiar to it; 

 Sumatra has not one, and the peninsula of Malacca 

 only two. The identity of species is even greater 

 than in birds or in most other groups of insects, and 

 points very strongly to a recent connexion of the 

 whole with each other and the continent. 



