LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 



FIG. T. Successive forms of Paludina, from the Tertiary deposits 



ofSlavonia ........ 19 



2. Skeleton of Seal 52 



3. Skeleton of Greenland Whale . . . 53 



4. Paddle of Whale compared with Hand of Man . . 54 



5. Wing of Reptile, Mammal, and Bird . ... 56 



6. Skeleton of Dinornis gravit 61 



7. Hermit-crabs compared with the cocoa-nut crab . . 64 



8. Rudimentary or vestigial hind-limbs of Python . . 67 



9. Afleryx Aitstratit 69 



10. Illustrations t>f the nictitating membiane in various 



animals named . -75 



11. Rudimentary, or vestigial and useless, muscles of the 



human ear 76 



12. Portrait of a young male gorilla ..... 78 



13. Portrait of a young male child 79 



14. An infant, three weeks old, suppoiting its own weight . 81 



15. Sacrum of Gorilla compared with that of Man, showing 



the rudimentary tail-bones of each .... 82 



16. Diagrammatic outline of the human embryo when about 



seven weeks old 83 



17. Front and back view of adult human sacrum ... 84 



1 8. Appendix vermiformis in Orang and in Man ... 85 



19. The same, showing variation in the Orang ... 85 



20. Human ear 86 



21. T cetus of an Orang 87 



32. Vestigial characters of human ears .... 88 

 23. Hair-tracts on the arms and hands of Man, as compared 



with those on the arms and hands of Chimpanzee . 90 



34. Molar teeth of lower jaw in Gorilla, Orang, and Man . 93 



