452 



Index. 



Bear, skeleton of, 174; feet off 



178. 



Beautiful, the, sense of, in animals, 

 380-385 ; standards of, 380- 

 404; Darwin's explanation of, 

 in organic nature, 379-411; 

 facts of, in inorganic nature in 

 relation to Darwin's theory of, 

 in organic, 404 ; often determined 

 by natural selection, 406, 407 ; 

 absent in mnny plants and 

 animals, 408 ; in nature oftep 

 accidental, 409-411 ; does not 

 exist in organic nature as an 

 end per se, 410, 411. 



Bees, co-operative instincts of, 

 268. 



Beetles, wingless, 68-70; on 

 oceanic islands, 324, 226, 229, 

 332. 



Bell, Dr., on natural theology, 412. 



Bell-bird, 396-398. 



Bembidium, 233. 



Bermudas, 225-227. 



Biology, ideas of method in, 1-9. 



Birds, ovum of, 1 24 ; embryology 

 of, 151-155; palaeontology of, 

 163-165, 172, 173 ; brain of, 

 194-197 ; as carriers of seed, 

 eggs, and small organisms, 217, 

 218; distribution of, 224-240; 

 aesthetic sense of, 380-385 ; 

 courtship of, 380-385. 



Birgus latro, 62-65. 



Blood, colour of arterial, 409. 



Boar, see Pig. 



Bom bus lapidarius, 331. 



Bower-birds, play-houses of, 381- 



383- 

 Boyd-Dawkins, on flattening of 



early human tibiae, 96. 

 Brain, palaeontology of, 194-197. 

 British Isles, see Islands. 

 Broca, 363. 

 Bronn, 363. 



Budding, see Germination. 

 Burdon-Sanderson, Pi of., on electric 



organ of skate, 366. 

 Butler, Bishop, on argument from 



ignorance, 41. 

 Butterflies, defensive colouring of, 



381-339. 



Csesalpino, on classification, 34. 

 Calf, embryology of, 153. 

 Camel, foot of, 187-191. 

 Canadian stag, 196, 198, 199. 

 Canaries, portraits of, 303 ; first 



mentioned by Gesner, 312, 313. 

 Cape de Verde Archipelagoes, 



fauna of, 228. 



Carcharias melanopterus, 149. 

 Carruthers, on evolution, 436-442. 

 Caterpillars, colours and forms 



of, 519, 322-326. 

 Cattle, portraits of, 311. 

 Causation, natural, 402, 413, 414. 

 Caves, faunas of dark, 70-72. 

 Cell, physiological, and properties 



of the, 104-134. 

 Centra vinula, 325, 326. 

 Cervalces Americanus, 196, 198, 



199. 

 Cervus dicroeerus, issiodorensis, 



matheronis, pardinensis, Sedg- 



wickii, tetraceros, 168. 

 Chalmers, Dr., on natural theology, 



412. 



Chameleons, 317. 

 Characters, as adaptive, 273-276, 



286-293, 349 ; as specific, 274- 



376, 286-295 ; as congenital 



and acquired, 274-276. 

 Chasmorhynchus niveus, and C. 



tricarunculatus, 396-3<;8. 

 Chelydra serpentina, anterior limb 



of, 179-181. 



Chick, embryology of, 153. 

 Chimpanzee, see Apes. 

 Chlorophyll, 408. 

 C hondr acanthus comuttts, 123. 

 Cirripedes, 430. 

 Classification, 33-49 f organic 



nature by Genesis and Leviticus, 



33 ; artificial and natural, 24- 



36 ; empirical rules of, 33-40 ; 



Darwin on, 35, 36, 39, 40 ; form 



of, a nexus or tree, 29-32 ; 



of organic forms like that of 



languages, 32 ; single characters 



in relation to, 37 ; aggregates of 



characters in relation to, 35-37 ; 



adaptive and non-adaptive cha- 



