33 8 



MANUAL OF ZOOLOGY 



SECT. 



region of the skull through the intermediation of a bone 

 known as the quadrate (qu-\ which is an element of the 

 first visceral arch. In the Rabbit the articulation between 

 the mandible and the cranium is direct, no quadrate 

 intervening. 



The skeleton of the limbs in the Dog-fish differs widely 

 from that of the Lizard and Rabbit. In all three we 



pl.orb 



e<up 



/ r 

 dent 



FIG. 199. Skull of Lacerta agilis, from the side. ang. angular ; art. articular ; 

 has. oc. basi-occipital ; has. ptg. basi-pterygoid processes ; col. epi-pterygoid ; 

 cor. coronary ; dent, dentary ; eth. ethmoid ; ju. jugal ; Icr. lacrymal ; max. 

 maxilla ; nas. nasal ; oc. cond. occipital condyle ; olf. olfactory capsule ; 

 opt. n. optic nerve ; p. mx. pre-maxillse ; ptg. pterygoid ; pt. orb. post orbital ; 

 qu. quadrate ; s. ang~. supra-angular ; s. orb. supra-orbitals ; sq. squamosal ; 

 supra ft. supra-temporal i ; supra. fi. supra-temporal 2 ; trans, transverse. 

 (After W. K. Parker.) 



distinguish the limb-arch from the skeleton of the free part 

 of the limb itself. The limb-arch (pectoral or pelvic) is a 

 cartilage or a system of bones with which the base of the 

 free part of the limb articulates, and has the function of 

 connecting the limb with the trunk, and serving for the 

 origin of many of the muscles moving the limb. In the 

 Dog-fish the entire skeleton of the limbs is composed of 



