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MANUAL OF ZOOLOGY 



SECT. 



In the wings and tail certain special arrangements of the 

 feathers are to be distinguished. When the wing is stretched 

 out at right angles to the trunk twenty-three large feathers 

 (Fig. 257) are seen to spring from its hinder or post-axial 

 border : these are the remiges or wing-quills. Twelve of 

 them are connected with the ulna and are called cubitah or 



FIG. 259. Pterylosis of Columba livia. A, ventral ; B, dorsal. al.pt. alar 

 pteryla or wing-tract; c.pt. cephalic pteryla or head-tract; cd.pt. caudal 

 pteryla or tail-tract ; cr.pt. crural pteryla ; cv. apt. cervical apterium or neck- 

 space ; fin.pt. femoral pteryla; hn.pt. humeral pteryla; lat.apt. lateral 

 apterium ; sp.pt. spinal pteryla ; v. apt. ventral apterium ; v.pt. ventral pteryla. 

 (After Nitsch.) 



secondaries (cb~ rmg.). The rest are known as primaries. In 

 the tail there are twelve long rectrices (ret] or tail-quills 

 springing in a semicircle from the uropygium. The whole 

 feather-arrangement is known as the pterylosis. 



The vertebral column is distinguished from that of most 

 other Craniata by the great length and extreme mobility of 



