INDEX. 



355 



Pigs, white poisoned in Virginia, black 



not, 265 



Pipes from N. American mounds, 295 

 Plantain, 48 

 Plantain-eaters, 197 

 Plants, protective coloration in, 223 

 Platyccrium, 47 

 Plumage of tropical 1>irds, 109 



of humming-birds, 128 

 Polyrachis, genus of ants, 81 

 Polyalthea, tree with flowers on trunk, 



35 



Polygonum bistorta, P. aviculare, 233 

 Pontia rapce, changes of colour of 



chrysalis of, 168 



Ponera clavala, terrible sting of, 82 

 Portraits on sculptured pipes from 



mounds, 295 

 Prosthemadera in the Auckland Isles, 



239 



Protective colours, theory of, 187 

 Psittacula dio-pthalma, sexual difference 



of colour of, 178 

 Pterylography, 151 

 Pyramid, the Great, 298 



the Great, indicates an earlier 



civilization, 300 

 Pythons. 115 



R. 



RABBITS, why white-tailed, 197 



Rainbow, how described by ancient 

 writers, 245 



Rainfall at London and Batavia, dia- 

 gram of, 15 



Rainfall, greatest recorded at Batavia, 

 24 



Ramsay, Prof, on ancient fresh-water 

 deposits, 313 



Raphia tcedigera, 41 



Rattan-palms, 42 



Recognition aided by colour, 196 



Reed, Mr., on humming-birds in Juan 

 Fernandez, 146 



Mr. Edwyn C., on insects of Juan 

 Fernandez, 270 



Reptiles, 111 



Reptiles of oceanic islands, 309 



Rhamphococcyx, 105 



SALVIN, MR. on the pugnacity of 



humming-birds, 134, 214 

 Sauba ant, 85 

 Saxifraga longifolia, 233 

 S. cotyledon, 233 

 S. oppositi/olia, 233 



Scorpions, 97 



Screw-pines, 49 



Scythrops, 105 



Seeds, how protected, 226 



Sensitive-plants, 59 



Sexes of butterflies differently coloured 



for recognition, 196 

 Sexual colours, 177 

 theory of, 192 



Sexual selection not a cause of colour, 

 198 

 neutralized by natural selection, 



210 



Sickle-bill humming-bird, 136 

 Size, correspondence of, in tropical 



flowers and insects, 236 

 Sky, colour of not mentioned in old 



books, 245 

 Smith, Mr. Worthington, on mimicry 



in fungi, 223 

 Smyth, Professor Piazzi, on the Great 



Pyramid, 298 

 Snakes, 114 

 Sobralias, 51 

 Soil, heat of, 8 



influence of temperature on climate, 



8 



Solenopsis, genus of ants, 84 

 Sorby, Mr., on composition of chloro- 

 phyll, 221 



South America, extinct fauna of, 336 

 geographical changes of, 338 

 its parallelism with Africa, 339 

 an area of preservation of ancient 



types, 339 



Spices from equatorial forest-trees, 36 

 Spiders, 97 



Spruce, Dr. Richard, on number of 

 ferns at Tarapoto, 47 



on inconspicuousness of tropical 



flowers, 61 

 on use of aromatic secretions of 



leaves, 278 

 Stainton, Mr., on insects attacking 



scented leaves, 277 

 Stick-insects, 92 



St. Helena, indigenous flowers of, 275 

 St. John, Mr., on large python, 115 

 Structure of humming-birds, 125 

 Sugar from palm-trees, 44 

 Sunda Islands and Japan once joined to 



Asia, 326 



Sun-birds, differences from humming- 

 birds, 154 

 Sun's noonday altitude in Java and 



London compared, 6 

 Sun's rays, heating effect of, 7 

 Sunrise in the equatorial zone, 22 

 Swifts, resemblances of to humming- 

 birds, 152 



Symmachia trochilus, 75 

 colubris, 75 



