Calyptra separating froir the capsule at its base so as to remain 

 loosely attached like a hood or extinguisher. Capsule commonly, 

 though not in all the sub-orders, covered by a plain lid at top. 

 Spores never mixed with elaters. Rhizoids many celled. 



Musci. 131 



(These are the true or Leafy Mosses. The so-called Scale Mosses 

 are Hepaticse ; the Rock Mosses are Lichens ; the Club Mosses 

 belong to the Lyeopodiaceae ; and the "Southern Moss" is a 

 flowering plant, one of the Bromeliaceae.) 



127. Stem hollow, striated, jointed, with a toothed sheath at each joint. 

 Leafless, but usually having leaf-like branches spiinging in whorls 

 from the joints. Spore cases attached to the inner side of stalked 

 scales, which are arranged in cone-like heads at the summit of the 

 fertile stem. * EQUISETACE^. p. 359. 

 Stem not hollow nor jointed. 



Spore cases on the back or the margins of the leaf, or frond ; some- 

 times occupying a whole frond, and sometimes a special portion 

 of a frond or of its subdivisions, and then having a flat, leaf-like 

 arrangement. Filices. 129 



Spore cases distinct from the leaves, and not having a flat, leaf-like 

 arrangement. 



Spore cases large, and situated at the bases of the leaves or leaf 

 stalks, but not attached directly to them. Leaves distinct or 

 uone. 128 



Spore cases very small, and attached to the leaves at their axils, or 

 to bracts which' are arranged in spikes at the end of the stem. 



Plants growing in the water, with no stem. Spore cases inserted 

 in the hollowed out, enlarged bases of the long, rigid, sharp- 

 pointed leaves. ISOETACE^. 



Plants not growing in the water. 



Having spores of one kind only, f LYCOPODIACE.S. 

 Having spores of two kinds, macrospores and microspores. 



SELAGINELLACB^;. 



* Among the fossil cryptogams the order Calamarie.-e is now extinct. The plants 

 of this order were allied to the Equisetaceae, but they had whorls of leaves in place 

 of the sheaths of the Equisetums. 



t Of cryptogamie orders occurring in former geological epochs but now extinct ; 

 the Sigillarie and Lepidodeudrea were closely allied to the Lycopodiacea-. 



