58 



Ring short, extending but partly around the case, or entirely lack- 

 ing. Spore case two valved, opening across the apex. Growing 

 in temperate regions. OSMUNDACE^;. p. 362. 



Ring broad, complete. Growing in warm regions. Small and deli- 

 cate. 



Indusium none. Sori on the back of the leaf within the margin. 



GXEICHENIACE/K. 



Indusium two valved, or urceolate. Sori at the end of a leaf vein. 



* HYMENOPHYLLACE^:. p. 362. 



MUSCI. TRUE OR LEAFY MOSSES. 



Apophysis, an enlargement of the foot stalk which bears the cap- 

 * sule. 



Calyptra, the loose hood or covering of the capsule. It is called 

 conical when it sits directly on the capsule, and is not split on one 

 side, nor enlarged at base. It is called hood-form when it is 

 split at base on one side, and rests on the apex of the capsule in 

 a slanting position. It is called mitre-form when it is enlarged 

 or inflated at base. It is said to be of the extinguisher-form 

 when the base extends below the base of the capsule. 



Columella, a central stem or column within the capsule, around 

 which the spores are formed. 



Operculum, the lid,*cap, or cover of the capsule. This forms a part 

 of the capsule itself, and must be distinguished from the calyptra, 

 which is a loose covering but not a proper cover. 



Peristome, a fringe or membrane that is seen around the mouth of 

 the capsule after removing the operculum. 



131. Capsule opening by a distinct lid, called the operculum. 



Stegocarps. 133 

 Capsule entire, without a distinct lid. Gleistocarps. 



Capsule opening by longitudinal slits, the sides forming four or six 

 valves, which remain connected at top and bottom. Leaves brown 

 or nearly black, fleshy. ANDROJACEJE. 



* Among the fossil ferns, Schimper makes out the following orders, all of which 

 are now extinct: 

 Sphxuopterideae, Neuropterideze, Pecopteridea:, Tseniopterideae, and Dictyop- 



terideae. 



