67 



153. Involucra more or less joined' together and to the receptacle, 

 each usually containing several capsules. MARCHANTIACE.E. 



Involucra cohering at base only, having each but one capsule. 

 Frond channeled. LUNULARIACE.E. 



Involucra at the extremities of the receptacle lobes, two valved. 

 Capsule nearly sessile, solitary. TARGIONIACE.E. 



ALGJE OR CELLULAR WATER PLANTS. 



Brood spores, vegetating or fertilizing cells produced within a 

 mother cell, but not furnished with cilia, aud hence not self mov- 

 ing. 



Carpospores, spores formed indirectly, after the fertilization of 

 the fruit-bearing organ. 



Cystocarp, pouch or cavity containing fruit. 



Cytioderm, skeleton of mineral matter giving rigidity to the outer 

 part of diatoms. 



Gytioplasm, colored matter contained within the cells of diatoms, 

 and active in producing growth. 



Fruit spores, spores which result from the fertilization of the 

 fruit-producing organ. 



Oospores, spores produced by the direct transformation of the 

 contents of the fruit-bearing organ, after fertilization. 



Phycochrome, matter performing the office of chlorophyll, but of 

 a yellowish-brown or blue-green color. 



Placenta, part to which spore-bearing threads are attached. 



Swarmspores, vegetating, conjugating, or fertilizing cells which 

 are provided with cilia, and hence are capable of moving them- 

 selves about, after escaping from the mother cell in which they 

 are formed. 



Tetraspores, spores produced by simple division, without the 

 fertilizing influence of other cells. 



Zygospores, spores resulting from the conjugation of two cells of 

 apparently the same kind. 



154. Not known to increase by sexual union, but multiplying by 

 cell division, or by swarm cells, or brood cells, or special, single, 

 spore-like cells. Mostly microscopic plants, consisting of single 

 cells, or of cells united end to end, so as to form simple or branch- 



