Il6 EVOLUTION, OLD AND NEW. 



and uniform as they now appear to us, but that they 

 arose in the same manner from experience and tradi- 

 tion, as the arts of our own species ; though their reason- 

 ing is from fewer ideas, is busied about fewer objects, 

 and is executed with less energy." * 



And again, a little later : 



" According to the late observations of Mr. Hunter, 

 it appears that beeswax is not made from the dust of 

 the anthers of flowers, which they bring home on their 

 thighs, but that this makes what is termed bee-bread, 

 and is used for the purpose of feeding the bee-maggots ; in 

 the same way butterflies live on honey, but the previous 

 caterpillar lives on vegetable leaves, while the maggots 

 of large flies require flesh for their food. What induces 

 the bee, who lives on honey, to lay up vegetable powder 

 for its young ? What induces the butterfly to lay its 

 eggs on leaves when itself feeds on honey ? . . . If 

 these are not deductions from their own previous expe- 

 rience or observation, all the actions of mankind must 

 be resolved into instincts." t 



Or again : 



" Common worms stop up their holes with leaves or 

 straws to prevent the frost from injuring them, or the 

 centipes from devouring them. The habits of peace 

 or the stratagems of war of these subterranean nations 

 are covered from our view ; but a friend of mine pre- 

 vailed on a distressed worm to enter the hole of another 

 worm on a bowling green, and he presently returned 

 much wounded about the head, . . . which evinces 



* Dr. Darwin, ' Zoonoiuia,' vol. i. p. 183, 1796. 

 t Ibid. p. 184. 



