" Heaven forfend me from Lamarck nonsense of a tendency to progression, adapta- 

 tions from the slow willing of animals, etc.; but the conclusions I am led to are not 

 widely different from his ; though the means of change are wholly so. I think I have 

 found out (here's presumption !) the simple way by which species become exquisitely 

 adapted to various ends." C. DARWIN to J. D. HOOKER, Jan. n, 1848. 



" The hypothesis of Lamarck that progressive changes in species have been pro- 

 duced by the attempts of animals to increase the development of their own organs, 

 and thus to modify their structure and habits has been repeatedly and easily refuted 

 by all writers on the subject." WALLACE: "On the Tendency of Varieties to depart 

 indefinitely from the Original Type," Journ. Proc. Linnean Soc." August, 1858. 



" The Lamarckian hypothesis has long since been justly condemned." HUXLEY : 

 "Collected Essays," II., p. 12, 1859. 



" It may be doubted whether Lamarck has not suffered more from his friends 

 than from his foes." HUXLEY: "Collected Essays," II., p. 69. 



" Lamarck assigned partly unreal, partly insufficient causes ; and the attempt to 

 account for a progressive change in species through the direct influence of physical 

 agencies, and through the appetencies and habits of animals reacting upon their struct- 

 ure, thus causing the production and the successive modification of organs, is a con- 

 ceded and total failure." ASA GRAY : "The Origin of Species by Means of Natural 

 Selection," Amer. "Journal Science and Arts, March, 1860. 



