350 



CLASSIFICATION OF VERTEBRATES. 



lachrymals to the rostrum, etc 

 includes the quail (Coturnix), 



FIG. 342. Wilson's snipe, 

 Gallinago wilsoni, from Tenney, 

 after Wilson. 



form the family TROCHILID.E 

 The toes, however, are three, 



The CALLING (Rasores, Alectoromorphae) 

 partridge (Perdix) , grouse ( Tetrao, Bonasa) , 

 jungle-fowi, including our domestic fowl 

 (Gal Ins), pheasants (Phasianus, Thau- 

 malea), turkeys (Meleagris), peafowl 

 (Pavo). These have the hallux rudimen- 

 tary and elevated above the other toes 

 and two carotid arteries. The COLUMB.E 

 (Pullastrae) have usually two carotids 

 and the hallux well developed and near 

 the ground. The group is hardly to be 

 distinguished as a family from the Gall- 

 inae. It contains the doves and pigeons 

 (Coin tuba, Gonrn, Didnncnlus), as typi- 

 cal members, while the mound-birds 

 (Megapodins) , the curassows (Crax), and 

 the sand-grouse (Pferocles), are more 

 aberrant. The dodo (Dutns), extermi- 

 nated about two centuries ago, was an 

 aberrant pigeon. The humming-birds 

 , which has relations with the picarian birds, 

 directed forwards as in the preceding groups. 



FIG. 343. Bird of Paradise (Paradisea apoda), female, from Hertwig, 

 after Levaillant. 



Other characters are the presence of basipterygoid processes and the 

 existence of a single carotid. In the PICARI^E the first and fourth toes 

 are directed backwards, while the palate is of the saurognathous type 



